Moneda de Oro Michael Schumacher Fórmula 1 Pulverización Champagne Ganador de la Carrera Alemán Reino Unido

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Michael Schumacher  Gold Coin This is a Gold Plated Michael Schumacher Coin One side of the coin has an image of the Great Man spraying Champagne after a F1 Race Win At the top of the coin their are two Chequered Flags and the words "Formula One Grand Prix Championship" "Michael Schumacher" "Winner" The back has an image of his Formula One Ferrari Car It has a Chequered Flag Behind the car the F1 Logo and his name "Michael Schumacher" and the words "F1 World Championship Winner" The coin is 40mm in diameter, weighs about 1 oz and come in airtight plastic case in Excellent Condition

Comes from a pet and smoke free home Sorry about the poor quality photos.  They don't  do the coin  justice which looks a lot better in real life
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Michael Schumacher

German race–car driver

    

Also known as: Schumi

Written and fact-checked by 

Last Updated: Nov 25, 2023 • Article History

Michael Schumacher

Michael Schumacher

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Category: Arts & Culture

Byname: Schumi

Born: January 3, 1969, Hürth-Hermülhein, West Germany [now in Germany] (age 54)

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Michael Schumacher (born January 3, 1969, Hürth-Hermülhein, West Germany [now in Germany]) German race-car driver who set records for the most Formula One (F1) Grand Prix race victories (91, later broken by Lewis Hamilton) and F1 series championships (seven, later tied by Hamilton).

As a youth, Schumacher became interested in go-kart racing, an enthusiasm that was supported by his father’s management of a go-kart track. In 1984 and 1985 he won the German junior karting championship, and in 1987 he captured the German and European karting titles. The next year, at age 19, he left karting and became a driver of Formula Three (F3) cars, vehicles that were less powerful than the F1 racers. Two years later, in 1990, he won the German F3 championship.

May 25, 2014: NASCAR driver, Kurt Busch (26), runs the 98th annual Indianapolis 500 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Indianapolis, IN.

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Michael Schumacher

Michael Schumacher

Michael Schumacher, 2005.

In 1991 Schumacher moved up to F1 competition as a driver for the Jordan team. He switched to Benetton the following year and won the drivers’ world championship for that team in 1994 and 1995. Before the 1996 season he moved to the Ferrari team and finished third in the championship standings. After suffering a broken leg in a crash in 1999, Schumacher rebounded to win a third championship the following year, which was Ferrari’s first drivers’ title since 1979. His 2000 win was the first in a string of five consecutive world championships (2000–04), and his grand total of seven F1 titles broke Juan Manuel Fangio’s record of five that had stood for nearly 50 years. In 2005 and 2006 he finished in third and second place in the F1 standings, respectively.

Schumacher retired at the end of the 2006 campaign to serve as a test driver and adviser for Ferrari. At the time of his retirement, he had 91 F1 Grand Prix race victories, which shattered the previous record of 51, held by French driver Alain Prost. In December 2009 Schumacher announced that he would return to F1 for the 2010 season as a driver for the Mercedes team. He spent three seasons with Mercedes, but he never won a race and never finished higher than eighth in the overall F1 standings during his comeback, and he retired again in 2012.

While Schumacher experienced unprecedented success on the track, he was also—through a combination of winner’s purses and endorsements—one of the best-paid athletes in the history of sport. His annual income was estimated at $100 million at the peak of his career. Schumacher was also known for his charitable efforts. He was named special ambassador for UNESCO in 2002 and made headlines for his $10 million donation to the relief effort for the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004.

In December 2013 Schumacher fell while skiing in France and hit his head on a rock. Despite his wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, he sustained a significant brain injury and was placed in a medically induced coma until the following June.

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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.

automobile racing

Table of Contents

Introduction

Early history

Speedway racing

American, European, and international racing

Grand Prix racing

Rally driving

Speed

Winners of the Daytona 500

Winners of the Indianapolis 500

Winners of 24 Hours of Le Mans

Winners of the Monte-Carlo Rally

References & Edit History

Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images

The Vanderbilt Cup Race of 1906Ford 400Indianapolis 500Indianapolis 500 race, 1971.Vanderbilt Cup Race

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automobile racing summary

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horse racing. thoroughbred racing. Jockeys in racing silks race horses on an oval grass race track.

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automobile racing

    

Also known as: motor racing

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Last Updated: Nov 14, 2023 • Article History

The Vanderbilt Cup Race of 1906

automobile racing

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Category: Arts & Culture

Also called: motor racing

Key people: Niki Lauda Jimmie Johnson Sebastian Vettel Sébastien Loeb Jeff Gordon

Related topics: drag racing Indianapolis 500 sports-car racing Grand Prix racing hill climb

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NASCAR drivers Jimmie Johnson (48) and Carl Edwards (99) driving in the Ford 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway in Homestead, Florida, November 2006.

Automobile racing, professional and amateur automobile sport practiced throughout the world in a variety of forms on roads, tracks, or closed circuits. It includes Grand Prix racing, speedway racing, stock-car racing, sports-car racing, drag racing, midget-car racing, and karting, as well as hill climbs and trials (see hill climb; see also rally driving; gymkhana). Local, national, and international governing bodies, the most notable of which is the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA), divide racing cars into various classes and subclasses and supervise competitions.

Early history

Automobile racing began soon after the invention of the gasoline- (petrol-) fueled internal-combustion engine in the 1880s. The first organized automobile competition, a reliability test in 1894 from Paris to Rouen, France, a distance of about 80 km (50 mi), was won with an average speed of 16.4 kph (10.2 mph). In 1895 the first true race was held, from Paris to Bordeaux, France, and back, a distance of 1,178 km. The winner made an average speed of 24.15 kph. Organized automobile racing began in the United States with an 87-km race from Chicago to Evanston, Illinois, and back on Thanksgiving Day in 1895. Both early races were sponsored by newspapers for promotional purposes. In Europe, town-to-town races in France, or from France to other countries, became the norm until 1903 when authorities stopped the Paris-to-Madrid race at Bordeaux because of the large number of accidents. The first closed-circuit road race, the Course de Périgueux, was run in 1898, a distance of 145 km on one lap. Such racing, governed by the Automobile Club de France (founded in 1895), came to prevail in Europe except for England, Wales, and Scotland. By 1900 racers had achieved speeds of more than 80.46 kph. Danger to spectators, racers, and livestock on roads not built for the automobile, let alone racing, ultimately caused road races to decrease in number. A notable exception was the Mille Miglia, which was not stopped until 1957.

International racing in the modern sense began after James Gordon Bennett, owner of The New York Herald, offered a trophy to be competed for annually by national automobile clubs, racing three cars each that had been built of parts made in the respective countries. The Automobile Club de France organized the first Bennett Trophy races in 1901, 1902, and 1903. The event was later held at the Circuit of Ireland (1903), the Taunus Rundstrecke in Germany (1904), and the Circuit d’Auvergne (1905). The unwillingness of French manufacturers to be limited to three cars led to their boycott of the Bennett Trophy Race in 1906 and the establishment of the first French Grand Prix Race at Le Mans in that year, the cars being raced by manufacturers’ teams. The first Targa Florio was run in Sicily the same year and thereafter except during wartime at distances varying from 72 to 1,049 km.

William K. Vanderbilt, the New York sportsman, established a trophy raced for on Long Island from 1904 through 1909 (except for 1907) at distances ranging from 450 to 482 km. Thereafter the race was run at Savannah, Georgia; Milwaukee; Santa Monica, California; and San Francisco until its discontinuance in 1916. Later Vanderbilt Cup races were run in 1936 and 1937 at Roosevelt Raceway, Long Island, New York.

horse racing. thoroughbred racing. Jockeys in racing silks race horses on an oval grass race track.

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In early racing, in both Europe and the United States, competing race cars were usually prototypes of the following year’s models. After World War I, racing became too specialized for the use of production cars, though occasionally high-performance touring cars were stripped of their bodies and fitted with special seats, fuel tanks, and tires for racing. Still later stock-car racing in 1939 started with standard models modified for racing.

Speedway racing

The first speedway purpose-built for automobile racing was constructed in 1906 at Brooklands, near Weybridge, Surrey, England. The track was a 4.45 km circuit, 30 m (100 ft) wide, with two curves banked to a height of 8.5 m. Sprint, relay, endurance, and handicap races were run at Brooklands, as well as long-distance runs (1,600 km) in 1932. Twenty-four hour races were held in 1929–31. Brooklands closed in 1939. The first road racing allowed in England was at Donington Park, Lancashire, in 1932, but the circuit did not survive World War II. Oval, banked speedways on the Continent included Monza (outside Milan, 1922) and Montlhéray (outside Paris, 1924), both of which were attached to road circuits, using only half the track as part of Grand Prix racing. Montlhéray was also the site of many long-distance speed records.

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Indianapolis 500

Indianapolis 500

Racing cars heading down a straightaway during the Indianapolis 500 race.

Possibly the best known speedway is the 4-km Indianapolis Motor Speedway at Speedway, near Indianapolis, which opened as an unpaved track in 1909 but was paved with brick for the first Indianapolis 500 in 1911, the race continuing thereafter except during wartime. Oval, banked board tracks, first used before World War I, were popular in the United States throughout the 1920s. Both before and after that decade unpaved (dirt) tracks of half-mile and mile lengths were in use.

American, European, and international racing

After the first Grand Prix race in France in 1906 and the first Indianapolis 500 race in 1911, automobile racing was essentially different in Europe and in North America until in the 1950s Grand Prix racing was organized worldwide. Racing in the United States was essentially speedway track racing, the tracks varying from half-mile dirt tracks to the 2 1/2-mi track for the Indianapolis 500. Stock-car racing arose in the 1930s on the beach at Daytona Beach, Florida, then moved to tracks, and the major governing body, the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), was founded in 1947. Hot-rod racing, particularly drag racing, a rapid-acceleration contest on a quarter-mile strip, originated in the United States in the 1930s in the southern California desert. Hot-rod cars originally were modified stock cars, but they ultimately became, like other racing cars, highly specialized. Hot-rod racing spread rapidly after World War II, and in 1951 the National Hot Rod Association was founded. The sport spread to Australia, New Zealand, Canada, England, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Sweden and in 1965 was recognized by the FIA. Racing with midget cars began in the United States in the 1940s and with even smaller cars, called karts, in the 1950s. Karts were also later raced in England, throughout the rest of Europe, and in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, with international competition from the 1960s. Sports-car racing, both amateur and professional, became popular in the United States in the late 1930s, the earliest cars being European-made. The U.S. governing body, the Sports Car Club of America (founded 1944), and the Canadian Automobile Sports Committee (founded 1951) cooperate closely. Amateur members mainly compete in local rallies and gymkhanas, but general public interest is mainly in the professional races. Off-road racing, held in the western deserts of the United States from the 1960s and in Baja California, Mexico, is notable for the Baja 500 and the Mexican 1000 (mile) races.

Unlike most European and other countries, the United States has no single automobile racing body. The governing bodies noted above for various kinds of racing are members of the Automobile Competition Committee for the United States-FIA, basically an advisory and liaison organization.

Grand Prix racing

After the first French Grand Prix race of 1906 at Le Mans, a frequent early venue and also the site of 24 Hours of Le Mans, run from 1923, the race was run in 1907 and 1908 and then not again until 1912. The first Italian Grand Prix was run in 1908. When racing resumed after World War I, the French and Italian Grand Prix were held in 1921. The Belgian Grand Prix began in 1925, the German in 1926, and that at Monaco in 1929. The national clubs had formed a governing body in 1904, the Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus (renamed the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile in 1946). The cars of each nation were all painted one colour for easy identification: French, blue; Italian, red; German, white; and British, green. Entries were made by manufacturers, usually two or three cars, and drivers were professional. Races were on closed circuits of 5 or 6 km to a lap with total distances of from 250 to 650 km. Through 1934 French and Italian manufacturers won most frequently, but throughout the rest of the 1930s, German manufacturers dominated. Racing resumed in 1947, and from the late 1950s British-made cars were dominant. In 1950 a world championship for drivers was instituted, usually involving point tallying for some fifteen Grand Prix races, including those of Monaco, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Mexico, South Africa, Canada, and the United States. A championship for Formula I car manufacturers was begun in 1955.

Rally driving

Racing over specified routes, the driver being kept on course by a navigator between checkpoints, began in 1907 with a Peking-to-Paris race of about 12,000 km. The Monte-Carlo Rally from various starting points began in 1911 and continued thereafter except for wartime interruptions. Rallies became very popular after World War II in Europe and elsewhere with European and international championships being instituted by the FIA. Weekend rallies came to be common worldwide, ranging from those held by local auto clubs to those sponsored by larger organizations.

Speed

In almost all kinds of racing, speed has been the preeminent goal, although concern for safety by governing bodies has prevented a steady climb in speeds. Nevertheless, speed has risen from 120.04 kph in the 1911 Indianapolis 500 to nearly 260 kph in the late 1970s. In Grand Prix racing, where the terrain and number of curves vary, speeds are somewhat lower.

In the 1920s, land-speed record attempts deserted the tracks and courses for special desert or beach strips, and cars were designed for the record alone. Jet engines later came into use, and in one case a three-wheeled vehicle attempting a new record had to be certified by the Fédération Internationale Motorcycliste, the FIA having refused certification.

Winners of the Daytona 500

A list of Daytona 500 winners is provided in the table.

Daytona 500

year winner average speed (mph)

1959 Lee Petty 135.521

1960 Junior Johnson 124.74

1961 Marvin Panch 149.601

1962 Glenn ("Fireball") Roberts 152.529

1963 DeWayne ("Tiny") Lund 151.566

1964 Richard Petty 154.334

1965 Fred Lorenzen 141.539

1966 Richard Petty 160.627

1967 Mario Andretti 149.926

1968 Cale Yarborough 143.251

1969 LeeRoy Yarbrough 157.95

1970 Pete Hamilton 149.601

1971 Richard Petty 144.462

1972 A.J. Foyt 161.55

1973 Richard Petty 157.205

1974 Richard Petty 140.894

1975 Benny Parsons 153.649

1976 David Pearson 152.181

1977 Cale Yarborough 153.218

1978 Bobby Allison 159.73

1979 Richard Petty 143.977

1980 Buddy Baker 177.602

1981 Richard Petty 169.651

1982 Bobby Allison 153.991

1983 Cale Yarborough 155.979

1984 Cale Yarborough 150.994

1985 Bill Elliot 176.263

1986 Geoff Bodine 148.124

1987 Bill Elliot 176.263

1988 Bobby Allison 137.531

1989 Darrell Waltrip 148.466

1990 Derrike Cope 165.761

1991 Ernie Irvan 148.148

1992 Davey Allison 160.256

1993 Dale Jarrett 154.972

1994 Sterling Marlin 156.931

1995 Sterling Marlin 141.71

1996 Dale Jarrett 154.308

1997 Jeff Gordon 148.295

1998 Dale Earnhardt, Sr. 172.712

1999 Jeff Gordon 162.551

2000 Dale Jarrett 155.669

2001 Michael Waltrip 161.783

2002 Ward Burton 142.971

2003 Michael Waltrip 133.870

2004 Dale Earnhardt, Jr. 156.345

2005 Jeff Gordon 135.173

2006 Jimmie Johnson 142.667

2007 Kevin Harvick 149.335

2008 Ryan Newman 152.672

2009 Matt Kenseth 132.816

2010 Jamie McMurray 137.284

2011 Trevor Bayne 130.326

2012 Matt Kenseth 140.256

2013 Jimmie Johnson 159.250

2014 Dale Earnhardt, Jr. 145.290

2015 Joey Logano 161.939

2016 Denny Hamlin 157.549

2017 Kurt Busch 142.891

2018 Austin Dillon 150.545

2019 Denny Hamlin 137.44

2020 Denny Hamlin 141.11

2021 Michael McDowell 144.416

2022 Austin Cindric 142.295

2023 Ricky Stenhouse, Jr. 145.283

Winners of the Indianapolis 500

A list of Indianapolis 500 winners is provided in the table.

Indianapolis 500

year winner1 average speed (mph)

1Won by U.S. racer except as indicated.

2Scheduled 300-mile race.

3No competition 1917–18 and 1942–45.

4Race stopped because of rain—in 1926 after 400 miles, in 1950 after 345 miles, in 1973 after 332.5 miles, in 1975 after 435 miles, in 1976 after 255 miles, in 2004 after 450 miles, and in 2007 after 415 miles.

1911 Ray Harroun 74.602

1912 Joe Dawson 78.719

1913 Jules Goux (France) 75.933

1914 René Thomas (France) 82.474

1915 Ralph DePalma 89.840

19162 Dario Resta (France) 84.001

19193 Howdy Wilcox 88.050

1920 Gaston Chevrolet 88.618

1921 Tommy Milton 89.621

1922 Jimmy Murphy 94.484

1923 Tommy Milton 90.954

1924 L.L. Corum, Joe Boyer 98.234

1925 Peter DePaolo 101.127

19264 Frank Lockhart 95.904

1927 George Souders 97.545

1928 Louis Meyer 99.482

1929 Ray Keech 97.585

1930 Billy Arnold 100.448

1931 Louis Schneider 96.629

1932 Fred Frame 104.144

1933 Louis Meyer 104.162

1934 Bill Cummings 104.863

1935 Kelly Petillo 106.240

1936 Louis Meyer 109.069

1937 Wilbur Shaw 113.580

1938 Floyd Roberts 117.200

1939 Wilbur Shaw 115.035

1940 Wilbur Shaw 114.277

1941 Floyd Davis, Mauri Rose 115.117

19463 George Robson 114.820

1947 Mauri Rose 116.338

1948 Mauri Rose 119.814

1949 Bill Holland 121.327

19504 Johnnie Parsons 124.002

1951 Lee Wallard 126.244

1952 Troy Ruttman 128.922

1953 Bill Vukovich 128.740

1954 Bill Vukovich 130.840

1955 Bob Sweikert 128.209

1956 Pat Flaherty 128.490

1957 Sam Hanks 135.601

1958 Jimmy Bryan 133.791

1959 Rodger Ward 135.857

1960 Jim Rathmann 138.767

1961 A.J. Foyt 139.131

1962 Rodger Ward 140.293

1963 Parnelli Jones 143.137

1964 A.J. Foyt 147.350

1965 Jim Clark (Scot.) 150.686

1966 Graham Hill (Eng.) 144.317

1967 A.J. Foyt 151.207

1968 Bobby Unser 152.882

1969 Mario Andretti 156.867

1970 Al Unser 155.749

1971 Al Unser 157.735

1972 Mark Donohue 162.962

19734 Gordon Johncock 159.036

1974 Johnny Rutherford 158.589

19754 Bobby Unser 149.213

19764 Johnny Rutherford 148.725

1977 A.J. Foyt 161.331

1978 Al Unser 161.363

1979 Rick Mears 158.899

1980 Johnny Rutherford 142.862

1981 Bobby Unser 139.084

1982 Gordon Johncock 162.029

1983 Tom Sneva 162.117

1984 Rick Mears 163.612

1985 Danny Sullivan 152.982

1986 Bobby Rahal 170.722

1987 Al Unser 162.175

1988 Rick Mears 144.809

1989 Emerson Fittipaldi (Braz.) 167.581

1990 Arie Luyendyk (Neth.) 185.984

1991 Rick Mears 176.457

1992 Al Unser, Jr. 134.479

1993 Emerson Fittipaldi (Braz.) 157.207

1994 Al Unser, Jr. 160.872

1995 Jacques Villeneuve (Can.) 153.616

1996 Buddy Lazier 147.956

1997 Arie Luyendyk (Neth.) 145.827

1998 Eddie Cheever, Jr. 145.155

1999 Kenny Brack (Swed.) 153.176

2000 Juan Pablo Montoya (Colom.) 167.607

2001 Helio Castroneves (Braz.) 153.601

2002 Helio Castroneves (Braz.) 166.499

2003 Gil de Ferran (Braz.) 156.291

20044 Buddy Rice 138.518

2005 Dan Wheldon (Eng.) 157.603

2006 Sam Hornish, Jr. 157.085

20074 Dario Franchitti (Scot.) 151.744

2008 Scott Dixon (N.Z.) 143.567

2009 Helio Castroneves (Braz.) 150.318

2010 Dario Franchitti (Scot.) 161.623

2011 Dan Wheldon (Eng.) 170.265

2012 Dario Franchitti (Scot.) 167.734

2013 Tony Kanaan (Braz.) 187.433

2014 Ryan Hunter-Reay 186.563

2015 Juan Pablo Montoya (Colom.) 161.341

2016 Alexander Rossi 166.634

2017 Sato Takuma (Japan) 155.395

2018 Will Power (Austl.) 166.935

2019 Simon Pagenaud (France) 175.794

2020 Sato Takuma (Japan) 157.824

2021 Helio Castroneves (Braz.) 190.690

2022 Marcus Ericsson (Swed.) 175.428

2023 Josef Newgarden 168.193

Winners of 24 Hours of Le Mans

A list of 24 Hours of Le Mans winners is provided in the table.

24 Hours of Le Mans* winners

year car drivers

*Begun in 1923 as Grand Prix of Speed and Endurance.

1923 Chenard-Walcker André Lagache, René Léonard

1924 Bentley John Duff, Franck Clément

1925 Lorraine-Dietrich Gerard de Courcelles, André Rossignol

1926 Lorraine-Dietrich Robert Bloch, André Rossignol

1927 Bentley John Benjafield, Sammy Davis

1928 Bentley Woolf Barnato, Bernard Rubin

1929 Bentley Woolf Barnato, Henry Birkin

1930 Bentley Woolf Barnato, Glen Kidston

1931 Alfa Romeo Lord Earl Howe, Henry Birkin

1932 Alfa Romeo Raymond Sommer, Luigi Chinetti

1933 Alfa Romeo Raymond Sommer, Tazio Nuvolari

1934 Alfa Romeo Luigi Chinetti, Philippe Etancelin

1935 Lagonda John Hindmarsh, Luis Fontés

1936 not held

1937 Bugatti Jean Pierre Wimille, Robert Benoist

1938 Delahaye Eugène Chaboud, Jean Tremoulet

1939 Bugatti Jean Pierre Wimille, Pierre Veyron

1940–48 not held

1949 Ferrari Luigi Chinetti, Peter Mitchell Thompson

1950 Talbot Louis Rosier, Jean-Louis Rosier

1951 Jaguar Peter Walker, Peter Nicol Whitehead

1952 Mercedes-Benz Hermann Lang, Fritz Riess

1953 Jaguar Tony Rolt, Duncan Hamilton

1954 Ferrari José Froilan Gonzalez, Maurice Trintignant

1955 Jaguar Mike Hawthorn, Yvor Bueb

1956 Jaguar Ron Flockhart, Ninian Sanderson

1957 Jaguar Ron Flockhart, Yvor Bueb

1958 Ferrari Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien

1959 Aston Martin Roy Salvadori, Caroll Shelby

1960 Ferrari Paul Frère, Olivier Gendebien

1961 Ferrari Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien

1962 Ferrari Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien

1963 Ferrari Ludovico Scarfiotti, Lorenzo Bandini

1964 Ferrari Jean Guichet, Nino Vaccarella

1965 Ferrari Masten Gregory, Jochen Rindt

1966 Ford Mk II Bruce McLaren, Chris Amon

1967 Ford Mk IV A.J. Foyt, Dan Gurney

1968 Ford G.T. 40 Pedro Rodriguez, Lucien Bianchi

1969 Ford G.T. 40 Jacky Ickx, Jackie Oliver

1970 Porsche Richard Attwood, Hans Herrmann

1971 Porsche Helmut Marko, Gijs van Lennep

1972 Matra-Simca Henri Pescarolo, Graham Hill

1973 Matra-Simca Henri Pescarolo, Gerard Larrousse

1974 Matra-Simca Henri Pescarolo, Gerard Larrousse

1975 Gulf-Ford Jacky Ickx, Derek Bell

1976 Porsche Jacky Ickx, Gijs van Lennep

1977 Porsche Jacky Ickx, Jürgen Barth, Hurley Haywood

1978 Renault-Alpine Jean-Pierre Jaussaud, Didier Pironi

1979 Porsche Klaus Ludwig, Don Whittington, Bill Whittington

1980 Porsche Jean Rondeau, Jean-Pierre Jaussaud

1981 Porsche Derek Bell, Jacky Ickx

1982 Porsche Derek Bell, Jacky Ickx

1983 Porsche Al Holbert, Hurley Haywood, Vern Schuppan

1984 Porsche Henri Pescarolo, Klaus Ludwig

1985 Porsche Klaus Ludwig, John Winter, Paolo Barilla

1986 Porsche Derek Bell, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Al Holbert

1987 Porsche Hans-Joachim Stuck, Derek Bell, Al Holbert

1988 Jaguar Jan Lammers, Johnny Dumfries, Andy Wallace

1989 Mercedes-Benz Jochen Mass, Manuel Reuter, Stanley Dickens

1990 Jaguar John Nielsen, Price Cobb, Martin Brundle

1991 Mazda Volkert Weidler, Johnny Herbert, Bertrand Gachot

1992 Peugeot Yannick Dalmas, Mark Blundell, Derek Warwick

1993 Peugeot Geoff Brabham, Christophe Bouchut, Eric Helary

1994 Dauer Porsche Yannick Dalmas, Hurley Haywood, Mauro Baldi

1995 McLaren Yannick Dalmas, J.J. Lehto, Sekiya Masanori

1996 Joest TWR Porsche Manuel Reuter, Davy Jones, Alexander Wurz

1997 Joest Porsche Michele Alboreto, Stefan Johansson, Tom Kristensen

1998 Porsche GT1 Allan McNish, Laurent Aiello, Stéane Ortelli

1999 BMW V12 LMR Yannick Dalmas, Pierluigi Martini, Joachim Winkelhock

2000 Audi R8 Franck Biela, Tom Kristensen, Emanuele Pirro

2001 Audi 3596T Franck Biela, Tom Kristensen, Emanuele Pirro

2002 Audi R8 Franck Biela, Tom Kristensen, Emanuele Pirro

2003 Bentley Tom Kristensen, Dindo Capello, Guy Smith

2004 Audi R8 Tom Kristensen, Dindo Capello, Ara Seiji

2005 Audi R8 Tom Kristensen, J.J. Lehto, Marco Werner

2006 Audi R10 Franck Biela, Emanuele Pirro, Marco Werner

2007 Audi R10 Franck Biela, Emanuele Pirro, Marco Werner

2008 Audi R10 Dindo Capello, Tom Kristensen, Allan McNish

2009 Peugeot 908 David Brabham, Marc Gené, Alexander Wurz

2010 Audi R15 Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas, Mike Rockenfeller

2011 Audi R18 TDI Marcel Fässler, André Lotterer, Benoit Tréluyer

2012 Audi R18 e-tron quattro Marcel Fässler, André Lotterer, Benoit Tréluyer

2013 Audi R18 e-tron quattro Tom Kristensen, Allan McNish, Loïc Duval

2014 Audi R18 e-tron quattro Marcel Fässler, André Lotterer, Benoit Tréluyer

2015 Porsche 919 Hybrid Nico Hülkenberg, Earl Bamber, Nick Tandy

2016 Porsche 919 Hybrid Romain Dumas, Neel Jani, Marc Lieb

2017 Porsche 919 Hybrid Earl Bamber, Timo Bernhard, Brendon Hartley

2018 Toyota TS050 Hybrid Fernando Alonso, Sébastien Buemi, Nakajima Kazuki

2019 Toyota TS050 Hybrid Fernando Alonso, Sébastien Buemi, Nakajima Kazuki

2020 Toyota TS050 Hybrid Sébastien Buemi, Brendon Hartley, Nakajima Kazuki

2021 Toyota GR010 Hybrid Mike Conway, Kobayashi Kamui, Jose Maria Lopez

Winners of the Monte-Carlo Rally

A list of Monte-Carlo Rally winners is provided in the table.

Monte-Carlo Rally

year car driver, navigator-codriver

*Not part of the official World Rally Championship.

1911 Turcat Méry Rougier

1912 Berliet Beutler

1913–23 not held

1924 Bignan Ledure

1925 Renault Repusseau

1926 A.C. Bruce

1927 Amilcar Lefèbvre, Despeaux

1928 Fiat Bignan

1929 Graham Paige Van Eijk

1930 Licorne Petit

1931 Invicta Healey

1932 Hotchkiss Vasselle

1933 Hotchkiss Vasselle

1934 Hotchkiss Gas, Trevoux

1935 Renault Lahaye, Quatresous

1936 Ford Zamfirescu, Cristea

1937 Delahaye Le Begue, Quinlin

1938 Ford Schut, Ton

1939 Hotchkiss, Delahaye Trevoux, Lesurque; Paul, Contet

1940–48 not held

1949 Hotchkiss Trevoux, Lesurque

1950 Hotchkiss Becquart, Secret

1951 Delahaye Trevoux, Crovetto

1952 Allard Allard, Warburton

1953 Ford Zephyr Gatsonides, Worledge

1954 Lancia Aurelia Chiron, Basadonna

1955 Sunbeam-Talbot Malling, Fadum

1956 Jaguar Adams, Bigger

1957 not held

1958 Renault Monraisse, Feret

1959 Citroën Coltelloni, Alexandre

1960 Mercedes Schock, Moll

1961 Panhard Martin, Bateau

1962 Saab Carlsson, Häggbom

1963 Saab Carlsson, Palm

1964 Mini Cooper Hopkirk, Liddon

1965 Mini Cooper Makinen, Easter

1966 Citroën Toivonen, Mikander

1967 Mini Cooper Aaltonen, Liddon

1968 Porsche Elford, Stone

1969 Porsche Waldegaard, Helmer

1970 Porsche Waldegaard, Helmer

1971 Renault Andersson, Stone

1972 Lancia Fulvia Munari, Mannucci

1973 Alpine-Renault Andruet, Petit

1974 not held

1975 Lancia Stratos Munari, Mannucci

1976 Lancia Stratos Munari, Maiga

1977 Lancia Stratos Munari, Maiga

1978 Porsche Carrera Nicolas, Laverne

1979 Lancia Stratos Darniche, Mahé

1980 Fiat Abarths Röhrl, Geistdorfer

1981 Renault Turbo Ragnotti, Andrie

1982 Opel Ascona Röhrl, Geistdorfer

1983 Lancia Rally Röhrl, Geistdorfer

1984 Audi Quattro Röhrl, Geistdorfer

1985 Peugeot 205 Turbo Vatanen, Harryman

1986 Lancia Martini Delta Toivonen, Cresto

1987 Lancia Delta HF Biasion, Siviero

1988 Lancia Delta HF4 Saby, Fauchille

1989 Lancia Delta Integrale Biasion, Siviero

1990 Lancia Delta Integrale Auriol, Occelli

1991 Toyota Celica Sainz, Moya

1992 Lancia Delta Integrale Auriol, Occelli

1993 Toyota Celica Auriol, Occelli

1994 Ford Escort Delecour, Grataloup

1995 Subaru Impreza Sainz, Moya

1996 Ford Escort Bernardini, Occelli

1997 Subaru Impreza Liatti, Pons

1998 Toyota Corolla Sainz, Moya

1999 Mitsubishi Lancer Mäkinen, Mannisenmake

2000 Mitsubishi Lancer Mäkinen, Mannisenmake

2001 Mitsubishi Lancer Mäkinen, Mannisenmake

2002 Subaru Impreza Mäkinen, Lindström

2003 Citroën Xsara Loeb, Elena

2004 Citroën Xsara Loeb, Elena

2005 Citroën Xsara Loeb, Elena

2006 Ford Focus WRC Gränholm, Rautiainen

2007 Citroën C4 WRC Loeb, Elena

2008 Citroën C4 WRC Loeb, Elena

2009* Peugeot 207 S2000 Ogier, Ingrassia

2010* Ford Fiesta S2000 Hirvonen, Lehtinen

2011* Peugeot 207 S2000 Bouffier, Panseri

2012 Citroën DS3 WRC Loeb, Elena

2013 Citroën DS3 WRC Loeb, Elena

2014 Volkswagen Polo R Ogier, Ingrassia

2015 Volkswagen Polo R Ogier, Ingrassia

2016 Volkswagen Polo R Ogier, Ingrassia

2017 Ford Fiesta WRC Ogier, Ingrassia

2018 Ford Fiesta WRC Ogier, Ingrassia

2019 Citroën C3 WRC Ogier, Ingrassia

2020 Hyundai Shell Mobis WRT Neuville, Gilsoul

2021 Yaris WRC Ogier, Ingrassia

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.

Grand Prix racing

Table of Contents

Introduction

References & Edit History

Quick Facts & Related Topics

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Auto racing. Formula One. F1. FIA Formula One World Championship. A race car on the track at Nurburgring, a motorsports complex in Nurburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

All About Auto Racing Quiz

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Formula One

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Key people: Sebastian Vettel Lewis Hamilton Michael Schumacher Jack Brabham Ayrton Senna

Related topics: automobile racing Formula One

Notable honorees: Niki Lauda James Hunt

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Grand Prix racing, automobile racing on closed highways or other courses somewhat simulating road conditions. Such racing began in 1906 and, in the second half of the 20th century, became the most popular kind of racing internationally.

From the beginning, Grand Prix racing was national and controlled by automobile manufacturers under the supervision of what came to be called the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA), which sets the specifications for all racing-car classes, including the Formula One for Grand Prix racing. The Formula One is generally smaller than the car used in speedway racing and is more maneuverable. All Grand Prix racing is for open-wheeled, single-seater (after 1924) cars, the engine size, fuel, and other elements being controlled by the FIA.

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Grand Prix racing became popular worldwide from the 1950s, when world championships for drivers and for constructors (manufacturers) were established.

The term Grand Prix was early used for the most prominent automobile race of a country and was later used for events other than Formula One car racing, as well as for events in other sports. The first such use in organized sport was probably as the name of the French Grand Prix horse race, first run in 1863. In the present usage, Grand Prix races are literally those that apply to the World Championship of Drivers, although the term is used to describe other, less-illustrious events. More than 15 such Grand Prix events are held yearly in countries throughout the world.

For the place of Grand Prix racing in the history of automobile racing, see automobile racing.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Kara Rogers.

sports

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History

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Psychology of sports

Gambling and sports

References & Edit History

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Sports, physical contests pursued for the goals and challenges they entail. Sports are part of every culture past and present, but each culture has its own definition of sports. The most useful definitions are those that clarify the relationship of sports to play, games, and contests. “Play,” wrote the German theorist Carl Diem, “is purposeless activity, for its own sake, the opposite of work.” Humans work because they have to; they play because they want to. Play is autotelic—that is, it has its own goals. It is voluntary and uncoerced. Recalcitrant children compelled by their parents or teachers to compete in a game of football (soccer) are not really engaged in a sport. Neither are professional athletes if their only motivation is their paycheck. In the real world, as a practical matter, motives are frequently mixed and often quite impossible to determine. Unambiguous definition is nonetheless a prerequisite to practical determinations about what is and is not an example of play.

There are at least two types of play. The first is spontaneous and unconstrained. Examples abound. A child sees a flat stone, picks it up, and sends it skipping across the waters of a pond. An adult realizes with a laugh that he has uttered an unintended pun. Neither action is premeditated, and both are at least relatively free of constraint. The second type of play is regulated. There are rules to determine which actions are legitimate and which are not. These rules transform spontaneous play into games, which can thus be defined as rule-bound or regulated play. Leapfrog, chess, “playing house,” and basketball are all games, some with rather simple rules, others governed by a somewhat more complex set of regulations. In fact, the rule books for games such as basketball are hundreds of pages long.

As games, chess and basketball are obviously different from leapfrog and playing house. The first two games are competitive, the second two are not. One can win a game of basketball, but it makes no sense to ask who has won a game of leapfrog. In other words, chess and basketball are contests.

A final distinction separates contests into two types: those that require at least a minimum of physical skill and those that do not. Shuffleboard is a good example of the first; the board games Scrabble and Monopoly will do to exemplify the second. It must of course be understood that even the simplest sports, such as weightlifting, require a modicum of intellectual effort, while others, such as baseball, involve a considerable amount of mental alertness. It must also be understood that the sports that have most excited the passions of humankind, as participants and as spectators, have required a great deal more physical prowess than a game of shuffleboard. Through the ages, sports heroes have demonstrated awesome strength, speed, stamina, endurance, and dexterity.

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levels of play

Sports, then, can be defined as autotelic (played for their own sake) physical contests. On the basis of this definition, one can devise a simple inverted-tree diagram. Despite the clarity of the definition, difficult questions arise. Is mountain climbing a sport? It is if one understands the activity as a contest between the climber and the mountain or as a competition between climbers to be the first to accomplish an ascent. Are the drivers at the Indianapolis 500 automobile race really athletes? They are if one believes that at least a modicum of physical skill is required for winning the competition. The point of a clear definition is that it enables one to give more or less satisfactory answers to questions such as these. One can hardly understand sport if one does not begin with some conception of what sports are.

History

No one can say when sports began. Since it is impossible to imagine a time when children did not spontaneously run races or wrestle, it is clear that children have always included sports in their play, but one can only speculate about the emergence of sports as autotelic physical contests for adults. Hunters are depicted in prehistoric art, but it cannot be known whether the hunters pursued their prey in a mood of grim necessity or with the joyful abandon of sportsmen. It is certain, however, from the rich literary and iconographic evidence of all ancient civilizations that hunting soon became an end in itself—at least for royalty and nobility. Archaeological evidence also indicates that ball games were common among ancient peoples as different as the Chinese and the Aztecs. If ball games were contests rather than noncompetitive ritual performances, such as the Japanese football game kemari, then they were sports in the most rigorously defined sense. That it cannot simply be assumed that they were contests is clear from the evidence presented by Greek and Roman antiquity, which indicates that ball games had been for the most part playful pastimes like those recommended for health by the Greek physician Galen in the 2nd century CE.

Ferrari

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Coordinates: 44.532447°N 10.864137°E

Page protected with pending changes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the automobile manufacturer. For other uses, see Ferrari (disambiguation).

"Ferraris" redirects here. For the surname, see Ferraris (surname).

Ferrari S.p.A.

Headquarters in Maranello

Type Public (S.p.A.)

Traded as

    BIT: RACE

    NYSE: RACE

    FTSE MIB component

    Euro Stoxx 50 component

ISIN NL0011585146 

Industry Automotive

Founded 13 September 1939; 84 years ago in Modena, Italy (as Auto Avio Costruzioni)[1]

Founder Enzo Ferrari

Headquarters

    Maranello, Emilia-Romagna, Italy Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (seat)

[2]

44.532447°N 10.864137°E

Area served

Worldwide

Key people

    John Elkann

    (Executive Chairman)

    Piero Ferrari

    (Vice Chairman)

    Benedetto Vigna

    (CEO)

Products Sports cars, luxury cars

Production output

Increase 13,221 units shipped (2022)[3]

Revenue Increase €5.095 billion (2022)[3]

Operating income

Increase €1.227 billion (2022)[3]

Net income

Increase € 939 million (2022)[3]

Total assets Increase € 6.86 billion (2021)[4]

Total equity Increase € 2.21 billion (2021)[4]

Owners

    Exor N.V. (24.21%)[4]

    Piero Ferrari (10.30%)[4]

    Public (65.49%)

Number of employees

Increase 4,571 (2021)[4]

Subsidiaries

    Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A.

Website www.ferrari.com

Footnotes / references

[3] [4][5]

Ferrari S.p.A. (/fəˈrɑːri/; Italian: [ferˈraːri]) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded in 1939 by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988), the company built its first car in 1940, adopted its current name in 1945, and began to produce its current line of road cars in 1947. Ferrari became a public company in 1960, and from 1963 to 2014 it was a subsidiary of Fiat S.p.A. It was spun off from Fiat's successor entity, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, in 2016.

The company currently offers a large model range which includes several supercars, grand tourers, and one SUV. Many early Ferraris, dating to the 1950s and 1960s, count among the most expensive cars ever sold at auction. Owing to a combination of its cars, enthusiast culture, and successful licensing deals, in 2019 Ferrari was labelled the world's strongest brand by the financial consultency Brand Finance.[6] As of May 2023 Ferrari is also one of the largest car manufacturers by market capitalisation, with a value of approximately US$52 billion.[7]

Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where its team, Scuderia Ferrari, are the series' single oldest and most successful. Scuderia Ferrari have raced since 1929, first in Grand Prix events and later in Formula One, where since 1952 they have fielded fifteen champion drivers, won sixteen Constructors' Championships, and accumulated more race victories, 1–2 finishes, podiums, pole positions, fastest laps and points than any other team in F1 history.[8][9] Historically, Ferrari was also highly active in sports car racing, where its cars took many wins in races like the Mille Miglia, Targa Florio and 24 Hours of Le Mans, as well as several overall victories in the World Sportscar Championship. Scuderia Ferrari fans, commonly called tifosi, are known for their passion and loyalty to the team.

History

Main article: History of Ferrari

Early history

Three Scuderia Ferrari cars in 1934, all Alfa Romeo P3s. Drivers, left to right: Achille Varzi, Louis Chiron, and Carlo Felice Trossi.

Enzo Ferrari, formerly a salesman and racing driver for Alfa Romeo, founded Scuderia Ferrari, a racing team, in 1929. Originally intended to service gentleman drivers and other amateur racers, Alfa Romeo's withdrawal from racing in 1933, combined with Enzo's connections within the company, turned Scuderia Ferrari into its unofficial representative on the track.[10] Alfa Romeo supplied racing cars to Ferrari, who eventually amassed some of the best drivers of the 1930s and won many races before the team's liquidation in 1937.[10][11]: 43 

Late in 1937, Scuderia Ferrari was liquidated and absorbed into Alfa Romeo,[10] but Enzo's disagreements with upper management caused him to leave in 1939. He used his settlement to found his own company, where he intended to produce his own cars. He called the company "Auto Avio Costruzioni", and headquartered it in the facilities of the old Scuderia Ferrari;[1] due to a noncompete agreement with Alfa Romeo, the company could not use the Ferrari name for another four years. The company produced a single car, the Auto Avio Costruzioni 815, which participated in only one race before the outbreak of World War II. During the war, Enzo's company produced aircraft engines and machine tools for the Italian military; the contracts for these goods were lucrative, and provided the new company with a great deal of capital. In 1943, under threat of Allied bombing raids, the company's factory was moved to Maranello. Though the new facility was nonetheless bombed twice, Ferrari remains in Maranello to this day.[1][11]: 45–47 [12]

Under Enzo Ferrari

Ferrari's factory in the early 1960s: everything in its production line was handmade by machinists, who followed technical drawings with extreme precision.[13] Much of this work is now done by industrial robots.[14]

In 1945, Ferrari adopted its current name. Work started promptly on a new V12 engine that would power the 125 S, which was the marque's first car, and many subsequent Ferraris. The company saw success in motorsport almost as soon as it began racing: the 125 S won many races in 1947,[15][16] and several early victories, including the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans and 1951 Carrera Panamericana, helped build Ferrari's reputation as a high-quality automaker.[17][18] Ferrari won several more races in the coming years,[8][19] and early in the 1950s its road cars were already a favourite of the international elite.[20] Ferrari produced many families of interrelated cars, including the America, Monza, and 250 series, and the company's first series-produced car was the 250 GT Coupé, beginning in 1958.[21]

In 1960, Ferrari was reorganized as a public company. It soon began searching for a business partner to handle its manufacturing operations: it first approached Ford in 1963, though negotiations fell through; later talks with Fiat, who bought 50% of Ferrari's shares in 1969, were more successful.[22][23] In the second half of the decade, Ferrari also produced two cars that upended its more traditional models: the 1967 Dino 206 GT, which was its first mass-produced mid-engined road car,[a] and the 1968 365 GTB/4, which possessed streamlined styling that modernised Ferrari's design language.[26][27] The Dino in particular was a decisive movement away from the company's conservative engineering approach, where every road-going Ferrari featured a V12 engine placed in the front of the car, and it presaged Ferrari's full embrace of mid-engine architecture, as well as V6 and V8 engines, in the 1970s and 1980s.[26]

Contemporary

Enzo Ferrari died in 1988, an event that saw Fiat expand its stake to 90%.[28] The last car that he personally approved — the F40 — expanded on the flagship supercar approach first tried by the 288 GTO four years earlier.[29] Enzo was replaced in 1991 by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, under whose 23-year-long chairmanship the company greatly expanded. Between 1991 and 2014, he increased the profitability of Ferrari's road cars nearly tenfold, both by increasing the range of cars offered and through limiting the total number produced. Montezemolo's chairmanship also saw an expansion in licensing deals, a drastic improvement in Ferrari's Formula One performance (not least through the hiring of Michael Schumacher and Jean Todt), and the production of three more flagship cars: the F50, the Enzo, and the LaFerrari. In addition to his leadership of Ferrari, Montezemolo was also the chairman of Fiat proper between 2004 and 2010.[30]

After Montezemolo resigned, he was replaced in quick succession by many new chairmen and CEOs. He was succeeded first by Sergio Marchionne,[30] who would oversee Ferrari's initial public offering and subsequent spin-off from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles,[31][32] and then by Louis Camilleri as CEO and John Elkann as chairman.[33] Beginning in 2021, Camilleri was replaced as CEO by Benedetto Vigna, who has announced plans to develop Ferrari's first fully electric model.[34] During this period, Ferrari has expanded its production, owing to a global increase in wealth, while becoming more selective with its licensing deals.[35][36]

Motorsport

Main article: Scuderia Ferrari

For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see List of Ferrari competition cars.

Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport. Through its works team, Scuderia Ferrari, it has competed in a range of categories including Formula One and sports car racing, though the company has also worked in partnership with other teams.

Grand Prix and Formula One racing

Further information: Grand Prix racing history of Scuderia Ferrari and Ferrari Grand Prix results

A Ferrari F2004 Formula One car, driven by Michael Schumacher. Schumacher is one of the most decorated drivers in F1 history.

The earliest Ferrari entity, Scuderia Ferrari, was created in 1929 — ten years before the founding of Ferrari proper — as a Grand Prix racing team. They were affiliated with automaker Alfa Romeo, for whom Enzo had worked in the 1920s. Alfa Romeo supplied racing cars to Ferrari, which the team then tuned and adjusted to their desired specifications. Scuderia Ferrari were highly successful in the 1930s: between 1929 and 1937 they fielded such top drivers as Antonio Ascari, Giuseppe Campari, and Tazio Nuvolari, and won 144 out of their 225 races.[11][10]

Ferrari returned to Grand Prix racing in 1947, which was at that point metamorphosing into modern-day Formula One. The team's first homebuilt Grand Prix car, the 125 F1, was first raced at the 1948 Italian Grand Prix, where its encouraging performance convinced Enzo to continue the company's costly Grand Prix racing programme.[37]: 9  Ferrari's first victory in an F1 series was at the 1951 British Grand Prix, heralding their strong performance during the 1950s and early 1960s: between 1952 and 1964, the team took home six World Drivers' Championships and one Constructors' Championship. Notable Ferrari drivers from this era include Alberto Ascari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Phil Hill, and John Surtees.[8]

Ferrari's initial fortunes ran dry after 1964, and they began to receive their titles in isolated sprees.[9] Ferrari started to slip in the late 1960s, when they were outclassed by teams using the inexpensive, well-engineered Cosworth DFV engine.[38][39] The team's performance improved markedly in the mid-1970s thanks to Niki Lauda, whose skill behind the wheel granted Ferrari a drivers' title in 1975 and 1977; similar success was accomplished in following years by the likes of Jody Scheckter and Gilles Villeneuve.[9][40] The team won another Constructors' Championship in 1983.[8]

Following another drought in the 1980s and 1990s, Ferrari saw a long winning streak in the 2000s, largely through the work of Michael Schumacher. After signing onto the team in 1996, Schumacher gave Ferrari five consecutive drivers' titles between 2000 and 2004; this was accompanied by six consecutive constructors' titles, beginning in 1999. Ferrari were especially dominant in the 2004 season, where they lost only three races.[8] After Schumacher's departure, Ferrari won one more drivers' title — given in 2007 to Kimi Räikkönen — and two constructors' titles in 2007 and 2008. These are the team's most recent titles to date; as of late, Ferrari have struggled to outdo recently ascendant teams like Red Bull and Mercedes-Benz.[8][9]

Ferrari Driver Academy

Main article: Ferrari Driver Academy

Ferrari's junior driver programme is the Ferrari Driver Academy. Begun in 2009, the initiative follows the team's successful grooming of Felipe Massa between 2003 and 2006. Drivers who are accepted into the Academy learn the rules and history of formula racing as they compete, with Ferrari's support, in feeder classes such as Formula Three and Formula 4.[41][42][43] As of 2019, 5 out of 18 programme inductees had graduated and become F1 drivers: one of these drivers, Charles Leclerc, came to race for Scuderia Ferrari, while the other four signed to other teams. Non-graduate drivers have participated in racing development, filled consultant roles, or left the Academy to continue racing in lower-tier formulae.[43]

Sports car racing

A 312 P, driven by Jacky Ickx, during Ferrari's final year in the World Sportscar Championship.

Aside from an abortive effort in 1940, Ferrari began racing sports cars in 1947, when the 125 S won six out of the ten races it participated in.[15] Ferrari continued to see similar luck in the years to follow: by 1957, just ten years after beginning to compete, Ferrari had won three World Sportscar Championships, seven victories in the Mille Miglia, and two victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, among many other races.[19] These races were ideal environments for the development and promotion of Ferrari's earlier road cars, which were broadly similar to their racing counterparts.[44]

This luck continued into the first half of the 1960s, when Ferrari won the WSC's 2000GT class three consecutive times and finished first at Le Mans for six consecutive years.[45][46] Its winning streak at Le Mans was broken by Ford in 1966,[46] and though Ferrari would win two more WSC titles — one in 1967 and another in 1972[47][48] — poor revenue allocation, combined with languishing performance in Formula One, led the company to cease competing in sports car events in 1973.[23]: 621  From that point onward, Ferrari would help prepare sports racing cars for privateer teams, but would not race them itself.[49]

In 2023, Ferrari reentered sports car racing. For the 2023 FIA World Endurance Championship, Ferrari, in partnership with AF Corse, fielded two 499P sports prototypes. To commemorate the company's return to the discipline, one of the cars was numbered "50", referencing the fifty years that had elapsed since a works Ferrari competed in an endurance race.[50][51] The 499P finished first at the 2023 24 Hours of Le Mans, ending Toyota Gazoo Racing's six-year winning streak there and becoming the first Ferrari in 58 years to win the race.[52]

Other disciplines

From 1932 to 1935 Scuderia Ferrari operated a motorcycle racing division, which was conceived as a way to scout and train future Grand Prix drivers. Instead of Italian motorcycles, the team used British ones manufactured by Norton and Rudge. Though Ferrari were successful on two wheels, winning three national titles and 44 overall victories, they were eventually pushed out of the discipline both by the obsolescence of pushrod motorcycle engines and broader economic troubles stemming from the Great Depression.[53][54]

Ferrari formerly participated in a variety of non-F1 open-wheel series. As early as 1948, Ferrari had developed cars for Formula Two and Formula Libre events,[55] and the company's F2 programme led directly to the creation of the Dino engine, which came to power various racing and road Ferraris.[26] The final non-F1 formula in which Ferrari competed was the Tasman Series, wherein Chris Amon won the 1969 championship in a Dino 246 Tasmania.[56]

At least two water speed record boats have utilized Ferrari powertrains, both of them 800kg-class hydroplanes from the early 1950s. Neither boat was built by or affiliated with Ferrari, though one of them, Arno XI, had its engine order approved directly by Enzo Ferrari. Arno XI still holds the top speed record for an 800kg hydroplane.[57][58]

Race cars for other teams

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Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, aside from its own works Scuderia Ferrari team.

In the 1950s and '60s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars to a number of private entrants and other teams. One famous example was Tony Vandervell's team, which raced the Thinwall Special modified Ferraris before building their own Vanwall cars. The North American Racing Team's entries in the final three rounds of the 1969 season were the last occasions on which a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered a World Championship Grand Prix with a Ferrari car.[59]

Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the A1 Grand Prix series, from the 2008–09 season.[60] The car was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble the 2004 Ferrari Formula one car.

Ferrari currently runs a customer GT program for a racing version of its 458 and has done so for the 458's predecessors, dating back to the 355 in the late 1990s. Such private teams as the American Risi Competizione and Italian AF Corse teams have been very successful with Ferrari GT racers over the years. This car, made for endurance sportscar racing to compete against such racing versions of the Audi R8, McLaren MP4-12C, and BMW Z4 (E89) has proven to be successful, but not as successful as its predecessor, the F430. The Ferrari Challenge is a one-make racing series for the Ferrari 458. The FXX is not road legal and is therefore only used for track events.

Road cars

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For a complete list, including future and concept car models, see List of Ferrari road cars.

166 Inter Touring Berlinetta

The first vehicle made with the Ferrari name was the 125 S. Only two of this small two-seat sports/racing V12 car were made. In 1949, the 166 Inter was introduced marking the company's significant move into the grand touring road car market. The first 166 Inter was a four-seat (2+2) berlinetta coupe with body work designed by Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera. Road cars quickly became the bulk of Ferrari sales.

The early Ferrari cars typically featured bodywork designed and customised by independent coachbuilders such as Pininfarina, Scaglietti, Zagato, Vignale and Bertone.

The original road cars were typically two-seat front-engined V12s. This platform served Ferrari very well through the 1950s and 1960s. In 1968 the Dino was introduced as the first two-seat rear mid-engined Ferrari. The Dino was produced primarily with a V6 engine, however, a V8 model was also developed. This rear mid-engine layout would go on to be used in many Ferraris of the 1980s, 1990s and to the present day. Current road cars typically use V8 or V12 engines, with V8 models making up well over half of the marque's total production. Historically, Ferrari has also produced flat 12 engines.

For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB.[citation needed]

Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The later Testarossa (also mid-engined 12 cylinders) remains one of the most popular and famous Ferrari road cars of all time.

The company has also produced several front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the recent V12 model Lusso and V8 models Roma, Portofino and Lusso T. The California is credited with initiating the popular current model line of V8 front-engined 2+2 grand touring performance sports cars.[citation needed]

Starting in the early 2010s with the LaFerrari, the focus was shifted away from the use of independent coach builders to what is now the standard, Ferrari relying on in-house design from the Centro Stile Ferrari for the design of all its road cars.

Current models

Model Calendar year

introduced Current model Vehicle description

Introduction Update/facelift

812 Superfast 2017 2017 – Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive grand tourer.

Monza SP1 2019 2019 – Limited production single-seater sports car, part of the new Icona range.

Monza SP2 2019 2019 – Limited production two-seater sports car, part of the new Icona range.

F8 2019 2019 – Mid-engine sports car that replaced the Ferrari 488.

SF90 Stradale 2019 2019 – Mid-engine, plug-in hybrid sports car.

Roma 2020 2020 – Grand tourer sports car.

296 GTB 2022 2022 – Mid-engine, plug-in hybrid sports car.

Daytona SP3 2022 2022 – Limited production mid-engine sports car, part of the new Icona range.

Purosangue 2022 2023 – Ferrari's first SUV; uses the same platform as the Roma.

Customisation

In the 1950s and 1960s, clients often personalized their vehicles as they came straight from the factory.[61] This philosophy added to the mystique of the brand. Every Ferrari that comes out of Maranello is built to an individual customer's specification. In this sense, each vehicle is a unique result of a specific client's desire.

Ferrari formalized this concept with its earlier Carrozzeria Scaglietti programme. The options offered here were more typical such as racing seats, rearview cameras, and other special trim. In late 2011, Ferrari announced a significant update of this philosophy. The Tailor Made programme allows clients to work with designers in Maranello to make decisions at every step of the process. Through this program almost any trim, any exterior color or any interior material is possible. The program carries on the original tradition and emphasizes the idea of each car being unique.[61]

Supercars

Mythos

Enzo Ferrari

The 1984 288 GTO may be considered the first in the line of Ferrari supercars. This pedigree extends through the Enzo Ferrari to the LaFerrari. In February 2019, at the 89th Geneva International Motor Show, Ferrari revealed its latest mid-engine V8 supercar, the F8 Tributo.[62]

Ferrari SF90 Stradale is the first-ever Ferrari to feature PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) architecture which sees the internal combustion engine integrated with three electric motors, two of which are independent and located on the front axle, with the third at the rear between the engine and the gearbox.[63]

Concept cars and specials

Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, such as the Mythos. While some of these were quite radical (such as the Modulo) and never intended for production, others such as the Mythos have shown styling elements that were later incorporated into production models.

The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves was the 2010 Millechili.

A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced, commissioned to coachbuilders by wealthy owners. Recent examples include the P4/5[64] and the 612 Kappa.

Ferrari Special Projects

The Special Projects programme, also called the Portfolio Coachbuilding Programme, was launched in 2008 as a way to revive the tradition of past one-off and limited production coachbuilt Ferrari models, allowing clients to work with Ferrari and top Italian coachbuilders to create bespoke bodied models based on modern Ferrari road cars.[65][66] Engineering and design is done by Ferrari, sometimes in cooperation with external design houses like Pininfarina or Fioravanti, and the vehicles receive full homologation to be road legal.[66] Since the creation of Ferrari's in-house styling centre in 2010 though, the focus has shifted away somewhat from outside coachbuilders and more towards creating new in-house designs for clients.[67][68]

The first car to be completed under this programme was the 2008 SP1, commissioned by a Japanese business executive. The second was the P540 Superfast Aperta, commissioned by an American collector.[66] The following is a list of Special Projects cars that have been made public:

Name Picture Year Based on Commissioned by Notes

SP1 2008 F430[69] Junichiro Hiramatsu[69] Design by Leonardo Fioravanti, inspired by the 1998 F100 concept by Fioravanti.[69]

P540 Superfast Aperta 2009 599 GTB[70] Edward Walson[70] Inspired by a similarly gold-painted and open-topped one-off built by Carrozzeria Fantuzzi on a Ferrari 330 LMB chassis.[66][70] Design by Pininfarina

Superamerica 45 2011 599 GTB[71] Peter Kalikow[71] Rotating targa top;[71] design by Ferrari Styling Centre

SP12 EC 2012 458 Italia[72] Eric Clapton[72] Designed by Ferrari Styling Centre and Pininfarina, in homage to the 512 BB.[72]

SP30 2013[73] 599 GTO[73] Cheerag Arya[73]

SP FFX 2014 FF[74] Shin Okamoto[74] Design by Pininfarina[74]

Ferrari F12 TRS 2014 F12berlinetta[75] — Barchetta body, inspired by the Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa. Design by Ferrari Styling Centre.[75]

Ferrari SP America 2014 F12berlinetta Danny Wegman[76] Design by Pininfarina

Ferrari 458 MM Speciale 2016 458 Speciale[77] — Design by Ferrari Styling Centre.[77]

SP275 RW Competizione 2016 F12tdf Rick Workman[78] Inspired by the 1964 275 GTB/C Speciale. Design by Pininfarina in collaboration with Ferrari Styling Centre.[79]

J50 2017 488 Spider — Design by Ferrari Design Center team in Maranello directed by Flavio Manzoni.[80]

SP38 2018 488 GTB — Inspired by the F40 and 308.[81]

SP3JC 2018 F12tdf John Collins[82] Designed by the Ferrari Styling Centre. Two matching cars ordered, one in LHD, the other in RHD with different liveries.[83] Took 3.5 years to complete. Presented in 2018.

P80/C 2019 488 GT3 — One-off track-only car inspired by the 330 P3, 330 P4 and the Dino 206 S.

Omologata 2020 812 Superfast Design by Ferrari Design Center team in Maranello directed by Flavio Manzoni[84]

BR20 2021 GTC4Lusso Fastback coupé instead of a shooting brake. Inspired by the 410 Superamerica and 500 Superfast[85]

SP48 Unica 2022 F8 Tributo [86]

KC23 2023 488 GT3 Evo [87]

Bio-fuel and hybrid cars

An F430 Spider that runs on ethanol was displayed at the 2008 Detroit Auto Show. At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Ferrari unveiled a hybrid version of their flagship 599. Called the "HY-KERS Concept", Ferrari's hybrid system adds more than 100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fiorano's 612 HP.[88] Also in mid-2014, the flagship LaFerrari was put into production.

Naming conventions

From the beginning, the Ferrari naming convention consisted of a three-digit unitary displacement of an engine cylinder with an additional suffix representing the purpose of a vehicle. Therefore, Ferrari 125 S had 1.5 L (1,496.77 cc) V12 engine with a unitary displacement of 124.73 cc; whilst S-suffix represented Sport. Other race cars also received names invoking particular races like Ferrari 166 MM for Mille Miglia. With the introduction of road-going models, the suffix Inter was added, inspired by the Scuderia Inter racing team of Igor Troubetzkoy. Popular at that time 166-series had 2.0 L (1,995.02 cc) engines with 166.25 cc of unitary displacement and a very diverse 250-series had 3.0 L (2,953.21 cc) of total displacement and 246.10 cc of unitary. Later series of road cars were renamed Europa and top-of-the-line series America and Superamerica.

Until the early 1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement and a number of cylinders:

    V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6 powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8, although, for the F355, the last digit refers to 5 valves per cylinder. Upon introduction of the 360 Modena, the digits for V8 models (which now carried a name as well as a number) refer only to total engine displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this name carried on to the F430; the F430's replacement, the 458 Italia, uses the same naming as the 206 and 348. The 488 uses the system formerly used by the V12 cars.

    V12 models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4,390 cc (268 cu in) V12. However, some newer V12-engined Ferraris, such as the 599, have three-number designations that refer only to total engine displacement or boxer-style designations such as the [nominally] six-litre, V12 612.

    Flat 12 models used the displacement in litres for the first digit and the number of cylinders for the next two digits. Therefore, the 512 BB was five-litre flat 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case). However, the original Berlinetta Boxer was the 365 GT4 BB, which was named in a similar manner to the V12 models.

    Flagship models (aka "halo cars") use the letter F followed by the anniversary in years, such as the F40 and F50. The Enzo skipped this rule, although the F60 name was applied to a Ferrari Formula One car and is sometimes attached to the Enzo.

    Some models, such as the 1980 Mondial and 1984 Testarossa did not follow a three-number naming scheme.

612 Scaglietti Sessanta Edition

Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions were used:

    M ("Modificata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modified version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see F512 M and 575 M Maranello).

    GTB ("Gran Turismo Berlinetta") models are closed Berlinettas, or coupés.

    GTS ("Gran Turismo Scoperta") this suffix can be seen in older spiders, or convertibles (see 365 GTS/4). Now the convertible models use the suffix "Spider" (spelt "i") (see F355 Spider, and 360 Spider). In more recent models, this suffix is used for targa top models (see Dino 246 GTS, and F355 GTS), which is an absolutely correct use of the suffix since "scoperta" means "uncovered". An increasing number of people tend to refer to GTS as "Gran Turismo Spyder", which creates the false assumption that Ferrari does not know the difference between "spyder" and "targa". The 348 TS, which is the only targa named differently, is an exception.

    GTO ("Gran Turismo Omologata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modified version of its predecessor. It designates a model that has been designed and improved for racetrack use while still being street legal. Only three models bear those three letters: the 250 GTO of 1962, the 288 GTO of 1984, and the 599 GTO of 2010.

This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not official factory names. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's triple success in the February 1967 24 Hours of Daytona with the 330 P4.[89] Only in the 1973 Daytona 24 Hours, a 365 GTB/4 run by NART (who raced Ferraris in America) ran second, behind a Porsche 911.[90]

The various Dino models were named for Enzo's son, Dino Ferrari, and were marketed as Dinos by Ferrari and sold at Ferrari dealers – for all intents and purposes they are Ferraris.

In the mid-1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice abandoned after the F512 M and F355, but adopted again with the F430, but not with its successor, the Ferrari 458).

Identity

The "Prancing Horse"

Main article: Prancing Horse

Tifosi flying Prancing Horse flags at the 2003 Italian Grand Prix.

Ferrari's symbol is the "Prancing Horse" (Italian: Cavallino Rampante, lit. 'little prancing horse'), a prancing black horse on a yellow background. Minor details of its appearance have changed many times, but its shape has remained consistent: it is always presented either as a shield, with the Italian tricolour above the horse and the initials SF ("Scuderia Ferrari") below; or as a rectangle, replacing "SF" with the word "Ferrari" rendered in the company's trademark typeface.[91]

Enzo Ferrari offered an account of the horse's origins. In his story, after a 1923 victory in Ravenna, the family of Francesco Baracca, a deceased flying ace who painted the emblem on his airplane, paid him a visit. Paolina de Biancoli, Francesco's mother, suggested that Ferrari adopt the horse as a good luck charm: he accepted the request, and the Prancing Horse was first used by his racing team in 1932, applied to their Alfa Romeo 8C with the addition of a canary yellow background — the "colour of Modena", Enzo's hometown.[91][11]: 43  The rectangular Prancing Horse has been used since 1947, when the Ferrari 125 S — also the first Ferrari-branded sports car — became the first to wear it.[91]

Colour

Main article: Rosso corsa

A Ferrari 550 painted in rosso corsa. Both varieties of the Prancing Horse logo are present: the shield is located in front of the door, the rectangle is on the bonnet. The horse alone can also be found on the wheels, grille, and seats.

For many years, rosso corsa ('racing red')[92] was the required colour of all Italian racing cars. It is also closely associated with Ferrari: even after livery regulations changed, allowing race teams to deviate from their national colours, Scuderia Ferrari continued to paint its cars bright red, as it does to this day.[93] On Ferrari's road-going cars, the colour has always been among the company's most popular choices: in 2012, 40 per cent of Ferraris left the factory painted red, while in the early 1990s the figure was even higher, at 85 per cent.[92][94] Some Ferrari vehicles, like the 288 GTO, have only been made available in red.[92]

Although rosso corsa is the colour most associated with Ferrari,[92][95] it has not always been the colour of choice. Ferraris raced by privateers have run in a rainbow of colours, and one 250 GT SWB, used as a test mule for the 250 GTO, was a rare non-red factory-backed car: it raced in blue.[96][97] In a particularly noteworthy case from 1964, while protesting the FIA's homologation requirements, the company moved its racing assets to the North American Racing Team, an affiliated team based in the United States. As a result, Ferrari and the driver John Surtees won the 1964 Formula One season in American colours — blue, with a white racing stripe.[98][99] By the early 2010s, red had also become less common on Ferrari's road cars, fighting with newly popular colours like yellow, silver, and white.[94][95]

Speaking to both the popularity of rosso corsa and the power of the Ferrari brand, Enzo Ferrari is reported to have once said the following: "Ask a child to draw a car, and he will certainly paint it red."[92]

Brand image

Ferrari meticulously manages its brand image and public perception: it goes to great lengths to protect its trademarks, and its customers are expected to honour its rules and guidelines when caring for their cars. The company is noted for its frequent and diverse lawsuits, which have centred around such subjects as the shape of the Ferrari 250 GTO's bodywork,[100] exclusive rights to model names (including "Testarossa" and "Purosangue"),[101][102] replica vehicles, and several unsanctioned owner modifications.[103]

A pink Ferrari 360. Ferrari offers no pink paint from the factory, and has discouraged its customers from customising their cars in a manner contrary to the company's brand image.

Ferrari aims to cultivate an image of exclusivity and refined luxury. To facilitate this, vehicle production is deliberately limited to below customer demand, and purchasers are internally ranked based on their desirability and loyalty.[104] Some cars may only be purchased by customers who have already owned multiple Ferraris,[105] and the company's most exclusive supercars, such as the LaFerrari, have wait lists many times in excess of total production, with only the most loyal customers selected to purchase one.[106] In 2015, the company's head of sales stated that the purpose of this strategy was to maintain the brand's value, and to "keep alive this [sic] dream that is called Ferrari."[104]

Sometimes, Ferrari's desire to maintain its brand perception goes against the wishes of its clientele. In one case, the company sued the fashion designer Philipp Plein over "distasteful" Instagram posts featuring his personal 812 Superfast. The posts, which showcased two models in suggestive positions atop the car, were seen by Ferrari as "unlawfully appropriating" the Ferrari brand to promote Plein's clothing, and as being outside Ferrari's intended brand perception.[107] Furthermore, the company places restrictions on what owners may do with their cars: they are not allowed to undertake certain modifications,[103] and the company's right of first refusal contract, designed to discourage speculation and flipping, prohibits unauthorised sales within the first two years of ownership.[108][unreliable source?] Purchasers who break these rules are placed on a "blacklist", and may not be permitted to buy a Ferrari vehicle through official means.[109] These owner restrictions came to high profile in 2014, when the musician Deadmau5 was sent a cease and desist letter regarding his highly customised 458 Italia: the car, which he dubbed the "Purrari", possessed custom badges and a Nyan Cat-themed wrap, and was put up for sale on Craigslist.[103][110]

Ferrari does encourage its buyers to personalise their cars, but only through official channels, which include its Tailor Made programme for bespoke trim packages and special coachbuilding initiatives for more demanding commissions.[111] The customisation options offered through these channels are extensive, though they are always in line with Ferrari's desired branding — for example, the company offers no pink paint for its cars. In 2017, the CEO of the company's Australasia branch commented that this and similar customisations are "against the company's ethos," and that such a stance is "a brand rule. No pink. No Pokémon Ferraris!"[112]

Corporate affairs

In 1963, Enzo Ferrari was approached by the Ford Motor Company about a possible buy out.[113] Ford audited Ferrari's assets but legal negotiations and talks were unilaterally cut off by Ferrari when he realized that the deal offered by Ford would not enable him to stay at the helm of the company racing program. Henry Ford II consequently directed his racing division to negotiate with Lotus, Lola, and Cooper to build a car capable of beating Ferrari on the world endurance circuit, eventually resulting in the production of the Ford GT40 in 1964.

As the Ford deal fell through, FIAT approached Ferrari with a more flexible proposal and purchased controlling interests in the company in 1969. Enzo Ferrari retained a 10% share, which is currently owned by his son Piero Lardi Ferrari.

Ferrari has an internally managed merchandising line that licences many products bearing the Ferrari brand, including eyewear, pens, pencils, electronic goods, perfume, cologne, clothing, high-tech bicycles, watches, cell phones, and laptop computers.

Ferrari also runs a museum, the Museo Ferrari in Maranello, which displays road and race cars and other items from the company's history.[114][115]

Formula Uomo programme

In 1997, Ferrari launched a long term master planned effort to improve overall corporate efficiency, production and employee happiness. The program was called Formula Uomo and became a case study in social sustainability.[116] It took over ten years to fully implement and included over €200 million (2008) in investment.[117]

Technical partnerships

Ferrari has had a long-standing relationship with petroleum company Shell Oil from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, and currently since 1996. Shell develops and supplies fuel and oils to the Scuderia Ferrary's Formula One and World Endurance Championship teams, as well as Ducati Corse's MotoGP and World Superbike teams. The Shell V-Power premium gasoline fuel is claimed to have been developed with the many years of technical expertise between Shell and Ferrari.[118]

Ferrari has had agreements to supply Formula One engines to a number of other teams over the years, and currently supply the Alfa Romeo and Haas F1 F1 teams.

Sales history

As of the end of 2019, the total of Ferrari built and sold cars in their whole company history is 219,062.[119]

In October 2023, Ferrari started accepting payment in cryptocurrency for its vehicles in the US with intentions to expand the scheme to Europe in 2024. The cryptocurrency payments will be immediately traded into traditional currency to avoid price swings.[120] [121]

Annual Ferrari sales to end customers (number of type-approved vehicles)

Year Sales

1947[122] ‡3

1948[122] ‡5

1949[122] ‡21

1950[122] ‡25

1951[122] ‡33

1952[122] ‡44

1953[122] ‡57

1954[122] ‡58

1955[122] ‡61

1956[122] ‡81

1957[122] ‡113

1958[122] ‡183

1959[122] ‡248

1960[122] ‡306

1961[122] ‡441

1962[122] ‡493

1963[122] ‡598

1964[122] ‡654

1965[122] ‡619

1966[122] ‡928

Year Sales

1967[122] ‡706

1968[122] ‡729

1969[122] ‡619

1970[122] ‡928

1971[122] ‡1,246

1972[122] ‡1,844

1973[122] ‡1,772

1974[122] ‡1,436

1975[122] ‡1,337

1976[122] ‡1,426

1977[123] ‡1,798

1978[122] ‡1,939

1979[122] ‡2,221

1980[122] ‡2,470

1981[122] ‡2,565

1982[122] ‡2,209

1983[124] ‡2,366

1984[125] ‡2,856

1985[123] 3,051

1986[123] 3,663

Year Sales

1987[126] 3,942

1988[127] 4,001

1989[127] 3,821

1990[128] 4,293

1991[128] 4,487

1992[128] 3,384

1993[128] 2,345

1994[128] 2,671

1995[128] 3,144

1996[129] 3,350

1997[129] 3,581

1998[130] 3,652

1999[130] 3,775

2000[131] 4,070

2001[132] 4,289

2002[133] 4,236

2003[134] 4,238

2004[135] 4,975

2005[136] 5,409

2006[137] 5,671

Year Sales

2007[138] 6,465

2008[139] 6,587

2009[140] 6,250

2010[141] 6,461

2011[142] 7,001

2012[143] 7,318

2013[144] 6,922

2014[145] †7,255

2015[146] †7,664

2016[147] †8,014

2017[148] †8,398

2018[149] †9,251

2019[150] †10,131

2020[151] †9,119

2021[152] 11,115

2022[3] 13,221

    ‡ Figure refers to units produced rather than to units sold.

    † Figure refers to units shipped rather than to units sold.

Annual Ferrari sales to end customers (number of type-approved vehicles)

Recalls

In January 2020, the Italian carmaker said it will recall 982 vehicles for passenger airbags due to the Takata airbag recalls.[153] If the inflator explodes, the airbag will spew metal shrapnel at passengers, which can cause severe injury.[153][154] Every car involved will get a new passenger-side airbag assembly, complete with a new inflator without the dangerous propellant.[153]

On 8 August 2022, the company recalled almost every car it's sold in the US since 2005 over a potential for brake failure.[155][156] According to an NHTSA recall filing, 23,555 Ferrari models sold in America are fitted with a potentially faulty brake fluid reservoir cap that may not vent pressure adequately.[155] The affected cars will be fitted with a replacement cap and receive a software update.[155]

Stores and attractions

Roughly thirty Ferrari boutiques exist worldwide, with two owned by Ferrari and the rest operating as franchises. The stores sell branded clothes,[157] accessories and racing memorabilia; some stores also feature racing simulators where visitors can drive virtual Ferrari vehicles. Clothing includes upscale and lower-priced collections for men, women, and children [158][159]

There are also two Ferrari-themed amusement parks. Opened in 2010, Ferrari World Abu Dhabi is the first Ferrari-branded theme park in the world and boasts 37 rides and attractions. Located on Yas Island in Abu Dhabi, it is home to the world's fastest roller coaster - Formula Rossa, and a dynamic coaster with one of the world's tallest loop - Flying Aces.[160] Opened in 2017, Ferrari Land, located in PortAventura World resort, is the second such Ferrari-themed amusement park in the world, after Ferrari World Abu Dhabi. With 16 rides and attractions, it is home to Europe's fastest and highest vertical accelerator coaster - Red Force.[161]

See also

    Companies portalflagItaly portal

    List of Ferrari road cars

    List of Ferrari engines

    List of Ferrari competition cars

    List of Ferrari engines

    Scuderia Ferrari

    List of car brands

    List of companies of Italy

Notes

    The Dino 206 GT was preceded by the 250 LM Stradale and 365 P Berlinetta Speciale. Both were based on preexisting mid-engined racing cars, and were produced in extremely limited numbers.[24][25]

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General references

    Gustafson, Eric, "Cavallino Rampante", Sports Car International (Oct/Nov 2000): 94.

    Adler, Dennis, Ferrari: The Road from Maranello. Random House, 2006. ISBN 978-1-4000-6463-2.

External links

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Ferrari

History

Personnel

Current

    John Elkann (president) Benedetto Vigna (chief executive officer) Piero Ferrari (vice chairman) Flavio Manzoni

Former

    Enzo Ferrari (founder) Mario Almondo Dany Bahar Vittorio Bellentani Nuccio Bertone Giotto Bizzarrini Aldo Brovarone Giuseppe Busso Louis C. Camilleri Jason Castriota Luigi Chinetti Giampaolo Dallara Marco Fainello Battista Farina Amedeo Felisa Alfredo "Dino" Ferrari Leonardo Fioravanti Pier Ugo Gobbato Aurelio Lampredi Sergio Marchionne Paolo Martin Alberto Massimino Nicola Materazzi Marco Mattiacci Tom Meade Giovanni Michelotti Luca Cordero di Montezemolo Ken Okuyama Gerald Roush Frank Stephenson

Cars

Current

    812 Portofino M Roma Monza SP1 Monza SP2 F8 SF90 Stradale 296 Daytona SP3 Purosangue

Past

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Ferrari road car timeline, 1947–1969 — next »

Type 1940s 1950s 1960s

7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Sports 340 MM 375 Plus 410 S

275 S 340 Mexico 375 MM 290 S

125 S 166 S/166 MM 195 S 212 Export 225 S 250 MM 250 Monza 315 S 250 Testa Rossa 250 LM

159 S 250 S 290 MM 335 S 250  GTO

Berlinetta 250 GT "Tour de France" 250 GT "SWB" 250 GT Lusso 275 GTB 275 GTB/4 365 GTB/4

Coupé 166 Inter 195 Inter 212 Inter 250 Europa 250 Europa GT 250 GT

Boano 250 GT

Ellena 250 GT Coupé Pinin Farina 330 GTC 365 GTC

2+2 250 GT/E 330 America 330 GT 2+2 365 GT 2+2

Spider 250 GT Cabriolet 275 GTS 330 GTS 365 GTS

250 GT California Spyder

America 340 America 342 America 375 America 410 Superamerica 400 Superamerica 500 Superfast 365 California

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« previous — Ferrari road car timeline, 1970s–1990s — next »

Type 1970s 1980s 1990s

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

8 cylinder Mid-engine berlinetta 308 308 i 308 QV 328 348 360

208 208 Turbo GTB/GTS Turbo F355

Mid-engine 2+2 308 GT4 Mondial 8 Mondial QV Mondial 3.2 Mondial t

208 GT4

12 cylinder Boxer berlinetta 365 GT4 BB 512 BB 512 BBi Testarossa (F110) 512TR F512 M

Grand tourer 365 GTB/4 "Daytona" 550 Maranello

2+2 grand tourer 365 2+2 365 GTC/4 365 GT4 2+2 400 400 i 412 456 456M

Flagship sports car 288 GTO F40 F50

Legend      Sold under the Dino marque until 1976; see also Dino car timeline

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« previous — Ferrari road car timeline, 2000–present

Type 2000s 2010s 2020s

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4

V6 Hybrid 296 GTB / 296 GTS

V8 Rear mid-engine

sports car 360 Modena / 360 Spider 458 Italia / 458 Spider F8 Tributo / F8 Spider

Challenge Stradale 430 Scuderia / Scuderia Spider 16M 458 Speciale / 458 Speciale A 488 Pista / 488 Pista Spider

F430 / F430 Spider 488 GTB / 488 Spider

Hybrid SF90 Stradale / SF90 Spider

Convertible California / California 30 California T Portofino / Portofino M Roma Spider

2+2 GT Roma

GTC4Lusso T

V12 2+2 GT 456M 612 Scaglietti FF GTC4Lusso

Grand tourer 550 Maranello 575M Maranello 599 GTB Fiorano F12berlinetta 812 Superfast / 812 GTS

550 Barchetta Pininfarina Superamerica 599 GTO / SA Aperta F12tdf / F60 America 812 Competizione

Flagship sports car Enzo LaFerrari LaFerrari Aperta

XX Programmes FXX FXX Evo 599XX 599XX Evo FXX K FXX K Evo SF90 XX Stradale / SF90 XX Spider

Ferrari Icona Monza SP1 / SP2

Daytona SP3

SUV Purosangue

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manufacturers

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    Grecav

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    Stanguellini Bandini

Design, engineering,

and coachbuilding

    Carrozzeria Barbi Carrozzeria Garavini Carrozzeria Maggiora Gruppo Bertone I.DE.A Institute

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and coachbuilding

    Ares Design B Engineering Carrozzeria Boneschi Carrozzeria Castagna Carrozzeria Ghia Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera Ermini Fioravanti Giannini Automobili Italdesign Giugiaro Morelli Pininfarina Studiotorino Zagato

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The 50 Greatest Athletes of All Time

July 21, 2022 Ryan Douglas Top Lists 29

(Last Updated On: September 13, 2023)

In any sport, there are always great athletes. Those who dominate their competition and make it look easy. Here are 25 of the best athletes in history, regardless of sport.

They come from all different backgrounds and have achieved incredible things. Whether you’re a fan of athletics or not, these stories are sure to entertain and amaze you. Without further ado, let’s get started!

 

The 50 Greatest Athletes of All Time

The greatest athletes in history. This list is based on individual sports, overall athletic ability, professional accomplishments, and other factors.

#50 Zinedine Zidane

Zinedine Zidane

Arguably one of the greatest soccer players of all time, Zidane was a French midfielder who played for several top clubs, including Juventus and Real Madrid. He was known for his superb technical skills and elegant style of play. Zidane was a part of the French national team that won the World Cup in 1998, and he was named the FIFA World Player of the Year three times.

 

Related: 15 Greatest Soccer Players of All Time: Best Footballers

 

#49 Richie McCaw

Richie McCaw is a retired New Zealand rugby union player. He captained the All Blacks, New Zealand’s national rugby team, for more than 10 years. He is the most capped rugby union player of all time, with 148 caps. McCaw was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame in 2018.

 

#48 Lionel Messi

Lionel Messi is an Argentine soccer player. He plays for FC Barcelona and the Argentine national team. Messi is considered to be one of the best soccer players of all time. He has won the FIFA Ballon d’Or a record six times.

Fun Fact: Messi had a deficiency in a growth hormone, which was stopping his normal growth rate at the young age of 11.

 

#47 Sir Don Bradman

Most Americans know nothing about the sport of Cricket so i am sure you have never heard of him but Sir Don Bradman was an Australian cricketer who is widely regarded as the greatest batsman of all time. He played for Australia in Test matches from 1928 to 1948 and compiled a batting average of 99.94, which is still a world record.

 

#46 Tony Hawk

Tony Hawk is a professional skateboarder who is considered one of the greatest of all time and nothing less than a legend. He is best known for his innovations in the sport, including the first successful 900-degree spin on a skateboard. Hawk has won multiple championships and X-Games medals and has his own line of successful skateboarding products.

Fun Fact: Tony Hawk’s net worth is around $140 million. Not too shabby.

 

#45 Barry Sanders

Barry sanders

Barry is my favorite running back of all time. He was shifty and could make people miss and change directions like no one before him or since. He played for the Detroit Lions and is considered one of the greatest running backs of all time (many people, including me think he was the best ever). He was a ten-time Pro Bowler and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2004. Just imagine what he would have done if he weren’t stuck on the Lions his entire career.

 

#43 Jackie Joyner-Kersee

Jackie Joyner-Kersee is a retired American track and field athlete who specializes in the heptathlon and the long jump. She is considered one of the greatest athletes of all time, and she holds the world record in the heptathlon. Joyner-Kersee won three Olympic gold medals and four World Championships, and she was named the USA Track & Field Athlete of the Year multiple times.

 

#42 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is a retired American basketball player. He played for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers, winning six NBA championships. Abdul-Jabbar was a prolific scorer and an excellent rebounder, and he was named the NBA MVP six times. He also has the NBA record for the most points scored in a career with 38,387.

 

Related: The 50 Greatest Basketball Players of All Time

 

#41 Mia Hamm

Mia Hamm

Mia Hamm is a retired American soccer player. She played for the United States women’s national team from 1987 to 2004, winning two World Cups and an Olympic gold medal. Hamm was a prolific scorer and an excellent dribbler, and she is widely considered one of the greatest players in the history of women’s soccer.

Fun fact: Mia is married to professional baseball player Nomar Garciaparra.

 

#40 Floyd Mayweather Jr.

Floyd Mayweather Jr. is an American boxer who is considered one of the greatest ever. He has won multiple world championships and has a perfect professional record of 49-0. Mayweather is known for his speed, accuracy, and defense, and he has been named “Fighter of the Year” multiple times. Many people don’t like him personally, and his style of fighting was not the most exciting, but he was never beaten, and his greatness can’t be denied.

 

#39 Michael Johnson

Michael Johnson is a retired American track and field athlete who specializes in the 400-meter dash and the 200-meter dash. He is the only man to hold both world records at the same time, and he also won four Olympic gold medals. Johnson was a dominant force in his events, and he was named “World Athlete of the Year” four times.

 

#38 Nadia Comăneci

Nadia Comăneci

Nadia Comăneci is a retired Romanian gymnast. She was the first gymnast ever to score a perfect 10 at the Olympic Games, and she went on to win three gold medals. Comăneci was a pioneering athlete in her sport, and she helped popularize gymnastics around the world.

 

# 37 Jackie Robinson

Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play Major League Baseball, and he did so with grace and dignity. He was an excellent player, and he was named the Rookie of the Year in 1947. Robinson faced immense racism and adversity throughout his career, but he persevered and became a symbol of hope for millions of people. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.

 

#36 Dan Gable

Dan Gable

Dan Gable is a retired American wrestler. He won Olympic gold in 1972 without having a single point scored against him at the entire Olympics. He also went 117-1 in his college career. Gable was also head wrestling coach at the University of Iowa from 1976 to 1997, His teams won 21 Big Ten Conference championships and 15 NCAA Division I titles, along with countless All-Americans and individual champions. He also coached 3 Olympic teams and 6 World teams.

 

 

#35 Joe Montana

Joe Montana is a retired American football player. He played quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers from 1979 to 1992 and for the Kansas City Chiefs from 1993 to 1994. Montana helped lead the 49ers to four Super Bowl victories. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000.

 

#34 Ted Williams

greatest athletes

Ted Williams was an American baseball player. He played his entire 19-year career for the Boston Red Sox, and he is considered one of the greatest hitters of all time and is the last player to hit over .400 for a season back in1941. Williams had a batting average of .344 and hit 521 home runs. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1966.

Fun Fact: Ted Williams was so good that his family had his head cryogenically frozen when he died, hoping that someday science could bring him back to life.

 

#33 Walter Payton

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Walter Payton was an American football player. He played for the Chicago Bears from 1975 to 1987, and he is the 2nd place all-time leading rusher with 16,726 yards. Payton was a bruising runner who was also known for his exceptional ability as a receiver and blocker. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993.

 

#32 Bill Russell

Bill Russell is a retired American basketball player. He played for the Boston Celtics from 1956 to 1969, and he is widely considered one of the greatest players in National Basketball Association history. Russell was an excellent defensive player, and he helped lead the Celtics to an incredible 11 NBA championships. He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1975.

 

#31 Christiano Ronaldo

Ronaldo

Christiano Ronaldo is a Portuguese soccer player. He currently plays for the Spanish club Real Madrid, and he is widely considered to be one of the greatest players in the world. Ronaldo has an incredible scoring record, and he has won numerous individual awards. He was named the FIFA World Player of the Year in 2008.

 

#30 Jerry Rice

Jerry Rice is a retired American football player. He played wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers from 1985 to 2000, then with Oakland and Seattle before retiring in 2004. He is widely considered to be the greatest receiver to ever play the game. Rice was incredibly productive, and he holds numerous NFL records. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2010.

 

#29 Micheal Vick

best athletes ever

Micheal Vick is a retired American football player. He played quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons from 2001 to 2006, then with the Philadelphia Eagles from 2009 to 2013. Vick was a dynamic and elusive runner and the first quarterback to ever rush for 1,000 yards in a season. He also holds the record for the most career rushing yards by a quarterback. Vick was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2017.

Fun Fact: The Colorado Rockies selected Micheal Vick in the 30th round of the 2000 MLB draft.

 

#28 Roger Federer

Roger Federer is a Swiss tennis player. He is currently ranked No. 3 in the world, and he has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles, which is the most in history for a male player. Federer is widely considered to be one of the greatest players to ever play the game. He has won numerous awards and he was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2016.

 

#27 Bobby Orr

Bobby Orr is a retired Canadian hockey player. He played for the Boston Bruins from 1966 to 1976 and is widely considered one of the greatest defensemen ever. Orr revolutionized his position, and he was an exceptional offensive player as well. He helped lead the Bruins to two Stanley Cup championships in the National Hockey League and he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979.

 

#26 Wilt Chamberlin

Wilt Chamberlain

Wilt Chamberlin was an American basketball player. He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers and the Los Angeles Lakers. Chamberlin scored over 100 points in a game, and he holds numerous NBA records. He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1979. Wilt had legendary athletic prowess and legendary prowess in other areas.

 

#25 Willie Mays

Willie Mays was an American baseball player. He played for the New York/San Francisco Giants from 1951 to 1972. Mays was an exceptional all-around player and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1979. He won 12 Gold Glove Awards in center field. He led the league in home runs four times, stolen bases four times, slugging percentage five times, total bases three times and triples three times. Not too shabby.

 

#24 Tiger Woods

Tiger Woods is an American golfer. He has been one of the most successful and popular golfers of all time. Woods has won 14 major championships, which is second only to Jack Nicklaus. He has also won numerous other awards and accolades. He has also made news off the golf course when he crashed his car in 2009 after a highly publicized affair.

Fun Fact: Tiger’s current girlfriend is Erica Herman. They met when she was managing one of Tiger’s restaurants. They have been together since 2017.

 

#23 Magic Johnson

Magic Johnson is a retired American basketball player. He played point guard for the Los Angeles Lakers from 1979 to 1991. Johnson was a 6’9″ tall point guard, which was very rare at the time. He helped lead the Lakers to five NBA championships and he was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2002.

 

#22 Mike Tyson

Iron Mike was an absolute beast in the ring in the 1990s. His punching power was terrifying, and he was a knockout machine. Tyson was the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world at one point, and he will always be remembered as one of the greatest. He will also be remembered for biting off part of Evander Holyfield’s ear in a fight. Ouch.

 

#21 Babe Didrikson Zaharias

You likely have never heard of Bade Didrikson Zaharias, but she was an incredible athlete in the early 1900s. She competed in track and field, basketball, and golf. She won two gold medals in track and field at the 1932 Olympics, and she is considered one of the greatest golfers of all time. Zaharias was inducted into several Halls of Fame, including the Babe Didrikson Zaharias Museum and the Women’s Sports Hall of Fame.

 

#20 Martina Navratilova

Martina Navratilova is a retired Czech tennis player. Navratilova won 18 Grand Slam singles titles, 31 major women’s doubles titles (an all-time record), and 10 major mixed doubles titles. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2000.

 

#19 Babe Ruth

Babe Ruth was an American baseball player. He played for the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, and Boston Braves. He was an outstanding home run hitter as well as a great pitcher who had 23 Wins and 170 Strikeouts, with a 1.75 ERA, 9 Shutouts and 23 Complete Games. Ruth is considered to be one of the best baseball players of all time. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936.

 

#18 Carl Lewis

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Carl Lewis is a retired American track and field athlete. He won nine Olympic gold medals, eight of which were in individual events. He is one of only three Olympians to win four gold medals in a single Olympic Games (the other two are Jesse Owens and Michael Phelps). Lewis was inducted into the Track and Field Hall of Fame in 2012.

Fun Fact: Carl Lewis was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys as a wide receiver in the 12th round.

 

#17 Jack Nicklaus

Jack Nicklaus is a retired American golfer. He won 18 major championships, which is more than any other golfer in history. Nicklaus is considered to be one of the best golfers of all time, if not the best. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974.

 

#16 Diego Maradona

Diego Maradona was an Argentine soccer player. He was known for his ability to control the ball and create scoring opportunities for himself and his teamates. He led club teams to championships in Argentina, Italy, and Spain, and he starred on the Argentine national team that won the 1986 World Cup.

 

#15 Tom Brady

Tom Brady is an American football player. He played quarterback for the New England Patriots and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Brady has led the Patriots and Bucs to seven Super Bowl victories (6 for the Patriots and 1 for the Bucs). He has also been named the Super Bowl MVP five times. He is regarded as the best quarterback to ever play the game.

 

#14 Aleksandr Karelin

There’s no way we could leave the Russian Bear off of this list. He was a Russian Greco-Roman wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He won three Olympic gold medals and nine World Championships, and he went undefeated for 13 years. Karelin is widely considered the greatest wrestler of all time.

 

#13 Lebron James

Lebron James is an American basketball player. He has played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Miami Heat, and Los Angeles Lakers. He is a three-time NBA Finals MVP and a four-time NBA Most Valuable Player. He also has the second highest point total for a career behind only Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. James is widely considered to be one of the best basketball players of all time.

 

#12 Venus Williams

Venus Williams is an American tennis player. She has won seven Grand Slam singles titles and 14 Grand Slam women’s doubles titles (an all-time record). She has also been ranked World No. 1 in singles and doubles. Williams was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2016.

 

#11 Jesse Owens

Jessie Owens

Jesse Owens is an American track and field athlete who specializes in sprints and the long jump. He won four gold medals at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, which was an incredible feat considering the racial tensions at the time. Owens set multiple world records and was considered one of the greatest athletes of his generation.

 

#10 Jim Brown

Jim Brown is a retired American football player. He played running back for the Cleveland Browns from 1957 to 1965. Brown was a superb all-around athlete who excelled in track and field as well as football. He is considered to be one of the best football players of all time. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1971.

 

#9 Pele

Pele is a retired Brazilian soccer player. He is considered to be the greatest soccer player of all time. Pele scored 1,283 first-class goals, including 77 for Brazil. He is the only soccer player to have won three World Cups.

 

#8 Jim Thorpe

Jim Thorpe was an American track and field athlete. He was an Olympic gold medalist in the pentathlon and decathlon at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. Thorpe was also a talented football player, baseball player, and golfer. He is considered to be one of the best all-around athletes of all time.

 

#7 Usain Bolt

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Usain Bolt is a retired Jamaican track and field athlete. He is considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time. He won nine Olympic gold medals, including three in the 100-meter dash, three in the 200-meter dash, and two in the 4×100-meter relay. He is the world record holder in the 100-meter dash, the 200-meter dash, and the 4×100-meter relay.

Fun Fact: Usain Bolt estimated he ate around 1000 chicken nuggets during the Beijing Olympics.

 

#6 Wayne Gretzky

Wayne Gretzky is a retired Canadian hockey player. He played for the Edmonton Oilers, Los Angeles Kings, St. Louis Blues, and New York Rangers. Gretzky is widely considered to be the best hockey player of all time. He holds or shares 61 NHL records, including most goals (894), most assists (1,963), and most points (2,857). He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1999.

 

Related: The 13 Sports Require the Most Athleticism

Related: Top 15 Sports With The Fittest Athletes

Related: The Most Jacked Track Athletes of All Time

 

#5 Muhamid Ali

Muhamid Ali was an American boxer. He was the world heavyweight boxing champion three times. He is considered to be one of the best boxers of all time. He was also known for his political and social activism, including his opposition to the Vietnam War.

 

#4 Michael Phelps

Embed from Getty Images

Micheal Phelps is someone I considered for the top spot on this list. He is the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time with a mind-blowing 28 Olympic medals, 23 gold. The second place person isn’t even close and that’s Larisa Latynina, a Russian Gymnast from the 1960’s you have likely never heard of. Phelps is a true legend and will go down as one of the best athletes ever.

 

Related: Most Hated And Annoying Fan Bases In Sports

 

#3 Michael Jordan

Many of these lists have Michael Jordan at the top, which I can’t argue with at all. He is the greatest basketball player of all time in my opinion. He was a 6-time NBA Champion and had 6 Finals MVPs, 10-time All-NBA First Team, Defensive Player of the Year, 14-time NBA All-Star, and many more. He also has some impressive business ventures like the Jordan Brand (which is worth over $3 billion) and is the majority owner of the Charlotte Hornets.

 

#2 Deion Sanders

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It’s pretty hard for me to believe that most of these lists don’t even include “Neon” Deion Sanders. He is one of the best athletes of all time, hands down. Not only was he an incredible NFL player (8-time Pro Bowler, 6-time All-Pro), but he was also a tremendous Major League Baseball player. In fact, he is the only person to ever play in both a Super Bowl and a World Series! He was also a track star in college. Oh, and he also played basketball in high school. The guy was just a true athlete, and no one else was like him.

 

 

#1 Bo Jackson

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Bo Jackson is the best athlete of all time. He was an All-Star in both Major League Baseball and the National Football League. He is the only person to be named an All-Star in two different professional sports. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1985 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1999. Jackson was also a talented track and field athlete. And who can’t remember him snapping baseball bats over his knee like toothpicks when he would strike out. God knows what he would have accomplished if his career hadn’t been cut short by injury. Bo Jackson is the best athlete of in sports history, period.

(Sorry it’s just baseball highlights, the NFL doesn’t let you share their Youtube videos)

Conclusion

So, there you have it. Our take on the 50 greatest athletes of all time. It was no easy task narrowing it down to just 50, and we’re sure that many of you will disagree with our picks. But that’s what makes sports so great – everyone has their own opinion
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