Autógrafos De Jazz Leyendas Foto Escasa Menos Sección Rhtyhmus Firmada

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Vendedor: memorabilia111 ✉️ (808) 100%, Ubicación del artículo: Ann Arbor, Michigan, US, Realiza envíos a: US y muchos otros países, Número de artículo: 176277808813 AUTÓGRAFOS DE JAZZ LEYENDAS FOTO ESCASA MENOS SECCIÓN RHTYHMUS FIRMADA. MINUS RHYTHM SECTION: The World Saxo acts exclusively with wind instruments- phone Quartet, all saxophone levels from baritone to soprano, as well as bass clarinet and flutes to be used, David Murray, Julius Hemphill, Oliver Lake and Hamlet Bluiett reach into the- a refreshing jazz music with amazing effects. This was announced at this year's- the Newport Festival was unanimously certified by critics. In Berlin, the WSQ was already at the Jazz- now it comes to the Latin Quarter on 21.10. SIGNED BY ALL 4: David Murrdy, Julius Hemphill, Oliver Lake and Hamlet Bluiett ON PAPER ROM FOREIGN MAGAZINE MEASURING 4 1/4 X 5 1/2 INCHES MINUS RHYTHMUS-SEKTION: Ausschließlich mit Blasinstrumenten agiert das World Saxo- phone Quartet, Alle Saxophon Stufen yon Bariton bis Sopran, sowie Bass-Klarinette und Flöten werden verwendet, David Murrdy, Julius Hemphill, Oliver Lake und Hamlet Bluiett erreichen in die- ser Besetzung eine ehegerfrischende Jazz-Musik uge erstaunliche Effekte. Das wurde beim diesjähri- gen Newport-Festival von Kritikern einhellig bescheinigt. In Berlin war das WSQ schon bei den Jazz- tagen zu erleben - jetzt kommt es am 21.10. ins Quartier Latin.

Rhythm and Blues is an album by the jazz group the World Saxophone Quartet released on the Elektra label. The album features performances by Hamiet Bluiett, Julius Hemphill, Oliver Lake and David Murray and was first released in 1989. Reception Professional ratings Review scores Source Rating AllMusic [1] The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings [2] The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars, stating, "The combination works quite well on this surprising success."[1] The authors of the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings wrote: "The soul staples covered on Rhythm and Blues... are done with absolute conviction and seriousness."[2] Geoffrey Himes, writing for The Washington Post, praised the group's "sumptuous sound," and commented: "David Murray and Julius Hemphill conjure up the rich voices of Redding and Gaye on their horns (and Hamiet Bluiett's deep baritone sax resembles the bass voice of the Coasters' Bobby Nunn). The arrangements refract the vocal melody into three simultaneous alternatives that proceed while Bluiett honks his strong bass lines."[3] In an article for the Chicago Tribune, Chris Heim wrote: "Rhythm and Blues focuses on a well-known sound. The group faces special challenges here, since the original versions of these nine tracks... relied heavily not only on a rhythm section, but also on a powerful singing voice. But WSQ suggests all that and more. Call it whatever you like, but what this group really makes is magic."[4] Track listing "For the Love of Money" (Gamble, Huff) - 4:13 "Let's Get It On" (Gaye, Townsend) - 5:33 "I Heard That" (Bluiett) - 4:48 "Loopology" (Hemphill) - 3:09 "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" (Cropper, Redding) - 4:30 "Messin' With the Kid" (London) - 4:05 "Try a Little Tenderness" (Campbell, Connelly, Woods) - 6:30 "Nemesis" (Bluiett) - 3:01 "Night Train" (Forrest, Simpkins, Washington) - 4:06 Personnel Hamiet Bluiett — baritone saxophone Julius Hemphill — alto saxophone Oliver Lake — alto saxophone David Murray — tenor saxophone Hamiet Bluiett (BLUE-et; September 16, 1940 – October 4, 2018)[1] was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. His primary instrument was the baritone saxophone, and he was considered one of the finest players of this instrument. A member of the World Saxophone Quartet, he also played (and recorded with) the bass saxophone, E-flat alto clarinet, E-flat contra-alto clarinet, and wooden flute.[2] Biography Bluiett was born just north of East St. Louis in Brooklyn, Illinois (also known as Lovejoy),[3] a predominantly African-American village that had been founded as a free black refuge community in the 1830s, and which later became America's first majority-black town. As a child, he studied piano, trumpet, and clarinet, but was attracted most strongly to the baritone saxophone from the age of ten. He began his musical career by playing the clarinet for barrelhouse dances in Brooklyn, Illinois, before joining the Navy band in 1961.[3] He attended Southern Illinois University Carbondale.[3] In his mid-twenties, Bluiett heard Harry Carney (the baritone player in the Duke Ellington band) play in a live concert in Boston, which also made a strong impression on the young Bluiett, providing an example of a baritone saxophonist who played as soloist rather than accompanist. Following his time in the Navy, he returned to the St. Louis area in the mid-1960s.[3] In the late 1960s Bluiett co-founded the Black Artists' Group (BAG) of St. Louis, Missouri,[3] a collective dedicated to fostering creative work in theater, visual arts, dance, poetry, film, and music. He led the BAG big band during 1968 and 1969. In late 1969, Bluiett moved to New York City, where he joined the Charles Mingus Quintet and the Sam Rivers large ensemble.[3] In late 1972, Bluiett joined Charles Mingus and toured Europe with him. In January 1974, Bluiett returned to Mingus and played in a quintet alongside George Adams, appearing on Mingus at Carnegie Hall. He continued to play with Mingus until Autumn 1974, when he left to make his own recordings as a leader. In 1976 he co-founded the World Saxophone Quartet,[3] along with two other Black Artists' Group members, Julius Hemphill and Oliver Lake, as well as multi-reedist David Murray. He has remained a champion of the somewhat unwieldy baritone saxophone, organizing large groups of baritone saxophones. In the 1980s, he also founded the Clarinet Family,[3] a group of eight clarinetists playing clarinets of various sizes ranging from E-flat soprano to contrabass. Since the 1990s Bluiett led a quartet, the Bluiett Baritone Nation, made up entirely of baritone saxophones, with drum set accompaniment. Bluiett also worked with Babatunde Olatunji, Abdullah Ibrahim, Stevie Wonder, and Marvin Gaye. He returned to his hometown of Brooklyn, Illinois, in 2002 but moved back to New York City in 2012. In his final years, he performed at gigs, including the New Haven Jazz Festival on August 22, 2009. He performed with students from Neighborhood Music School in New Haven, Connecticut. The group were known as Hamiet Bluiett and the Improvisational Youth Orchestra. He died in St. Louis, Missouri on October 4, 2018, after a period of declining health.[4] Discography As leader 1976: Endangered Species (India Navigation) 1977: Bars (Musica) 1977: Resolution (Black Saint) 1978: Birthright (India Navigation) 1979: Im/Possible to Keep (India Navigation) 1981: Dangerously Suite (Soul Note) 1984: Ebu (Soul Note) 1987: The Clarinet Family (Black Saint) 1991: If You Have To Ask You Don't Need To Know (Tutu) 1993: Nali Kola (Soul Note) 1993: Sankofa / Rear Garde (Soul Note) 1994: Bearer of the Holy Flame (Black Fire) 1995: Young Warrior, Old Warrior (Mapleshade) 1996: Bluiett's Barbecue Band (Mapleshade) 1997: Live at the Village Vanguard - Ballads & Blues (Soul Note) 1997: Makin' Whoopee: Tribute to the King Cole Trio (Mapleshade) 1997: Hamiet Bluiett & Concept: Live at Carlos 1 (Justin Time, 1997) 1997: Hamiet Bluiett & Concept: Live at Carlos 1: Another Night (Justin Time, 1997) 1998: Hamiet Bluiett & Concept: Live at Carlos 1: Last Night (Justin Time, 1998) 1998: Bluiett Baritone Saxophone Group Live at the Knitting Factory (Knitting Factory) 1998: Bluiett Baritone Nation: Libation for the Baritone Saxophone Nation (Justin Time) 1999: Join Us (Justin Time) (with D. D. Jackson and Mor Thiam) 2000: With Eyes Wide Open (Justin Time) 2001: The Calling with D. D. Jackson and Kahil El'Zabar 2002: Blueblack With the World Saxophone Quartet Title Year Label Point of No Return 1977 Moers Steppin' with the World Saxophone Quartet 1979 Black Saint W.S.Q. 1981 Black Saint Revue 1982 Black Saint Live in Zurich 1984 Black Saint Live at Brooklyn Academy of Music 1986 Black Saint Plays Duke Ellington 1986 Elektra / Nonesuch Dances and Ballads 1987 Elektra / Nonesuch Rhythm and Blues 1989 Elektra / Nonesuch Metamorphosis 1991 Elektra / Nonesuch Moving Right Along 1993 Black Saint Breath of Life 1994 Elektra / Nonesuch Four Now 1996 Justin Time Takin' It 2 the Next Level 1996 Justin Time Selim Sivad: a Tribute to Miles Davis 1998 Justin Time Requiem for Julius 2000 Justin Time 25th Anniversary: The New Chapter 2001 Justin Time Steppenwolf 2002 Justin Time Experience 2004 Justin Time Political Blues 2006 Justin Time Yes We Can[5] 2010 Jazzwerkstatt As sideman With The 360 Degree Music Experience In: Sanity (Black Saint, 1976) With Lester Bowie The Great Pretender (ECM, 1981) With Anthony Braxton New York, Fall 1974 (Arista, 1974) With James Carter Conversin' with the Elders (Atlantic, 1996) Out of Nowhere (Half Note, 2005) With Andrew Cyrille Route de Frères (Tum, 2011) With Gil Evans Live at the Public Theater (New York 1980) (Trio, 1981) Bud and Bird (Electric Bird/King, 1986 [1987]) Farewell (Evidence, 1986 [1992]) With Craig Harris F-Stops (Soul Note, 1993) With Abdullah Ibrahim The Journey (Chiaroscuro, 1977) With Charles Mingus Mingus at Carnegie Hall (Atlantic, 1974) With the Music Revelation Ensemble In the Name of... (DIW, 1994) Knights of Power (DIW, 1996) With David Murray Now Is Another Time (Justin Time, 2003) With Sam Rivers' Rivbea All-star Orchestra Inspiration (BMG France, 1999) Culmination (BMG France, 1999) With Malachi Thompson Talking Horns (Delmark, 2001) with Oliver Lake References David Keith Murray[1] (born February 19, 1955)[2] is an American jazz saxophonist and composer who performs mostly on tenor and bass clarinet. He has recorded prolifically for many record labels since the mid-1970s.[3] He lives in New York City. Biography Murray was born in Oakland, California, United States.[2] He attended Pomona College for two years as a member of the class of 1977, ultimately receiving an honorary degree in 2012.[4] He was initially influenced by free jazz musicians such as Albert Ayler, Ornette Coleman and Archie Shepp. He gradually evolved a more diverse style in his playing and compositions. Murray set himself apart from most tenor players of his generation by not taking John Coltrane as his model, choosing instead to incorporate elements of mainstream players Coleman Hawkins, Ben Webster and Paul Gonsalves into his mature style.[5] Despite this, he recorded a tribute to Coltrane, Octet Plays Trane, in 1999. He played a set with the Grateful Dead at a show on September 22, 1993, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. His 1996 tribute to the Grateful Dead, Dark Star, was also critically well received.[6] Murray was a founding member of the World Saxophone Quartet with Oliver Lake, Julius Hemphill and Hamiet Bluiett.[7] He has recorded or performed with musicians such as Henry Threadgill, James Blood Ulmer, Olu Dara, Tani Tabbal, Butch Morris, Donal Fox, McCoy Tyner, Elvin Jones, Sunny Murray (no relation), Ed Blackwell, Johnny Dyani, Fred Hopkins, Don Pullen, Randy Weston and Steve McCall. David Murray's use of the circular breathing technique has enabled him to play astonishingly long phrases.[8] His daughter Crystal Murray is a Franco-American R&B and electro singer and has published an album in 2022 as well as an EP and two singles with the French record label Because Music.[9] Awards In 1980 David Murray was named Village Voice Musician of the Decade. Murray was honored with the Bird Award[10] in 1986. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1989.[11] David Murray and his band earned a Grammy Award in 1989 in the Best Jazz Instrumental Group Performance category for Blues for Coltrane: A Tribute to John Coltrane.[12] In 1991 he was honored with the Danish Jazzpar Prize.[13] Newsday named him Musician of the Year in 1993.[14] He was given an honorary Doctorate Degree in Music, Pomona College in 2012 He was awarded a legacy grant by the California Arts Council in 2021 Julius Arthur Hemphill (January 24, 1938 – April 2, 1995)[1] was a jazz composer and saxophone player. He performed mainly on alto saxophone, less often on soprano and tenor saxophones and flute.[2] Biography This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Julius Hemphill" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hemphill was born in Fort Worth, Texas,[3] and attended I.M. Terrell High School (as did Ornette Coleman).[4] He studied the clarinet with John Carter,[3] another I.M. Terrell alumnus,[4] before learning saxophone. Gerry Mulligan was an early influence. He studied music at North Texas State College.[5] Hemphill joined the United States Army in 1964, and served for several years in the United States Army Band.[5] He later performed with Ike Turner for a brief period. In 1968, Hemphill moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and co-founded the Black Artists' Group (BAG), a multidisciplinary arts collective that brought him into contact with artists such as saxophonists Oliver Lake and Hamiet Bluiett, trumpeters Baikida Carroll and Floyd LeFlore, and writer/director Malinke Robert Elliott.[5] Hemphill moved to New York City in the mid-1970s, and was active in the then-thriving free jazz community. He gave saxophone lessons to a number of musicians, including David Sanborn and Tim Berne. Hemphill was probably best known as the founder of the World Saxophone Quartet, a group he formed in 1976, after collaborating with Anthony Braxton in several saxophone-only ensembles.[6] Hemphill left the World Saxophone Quartet in the early 1990s, and formed a saxophone quintet.[7] Hemphill recorded over twenty albums as a leader, about ten records with the World Saxophone Quartet and recorded or performed with Björk, Bill Frisell, Anthony Braxton and others. Late in his life, ill-health (including diabetes and heart surgery) forced Hemphill to stop playing saxophone, but he continued writing music until his death[7] in New York City. His saxophone sextet, led by Marty Ehrlich, also released several albums of Hemphill's music, but without Hemphill playing. The most recent is entitled The Hard Blues, recorded live in Lisbon after Hemphill's death from diabetes. A source of information on Hemphill's life and music is a multi-hour oral history interview that he conducted for the Smithsonian Institution in March and April 1994, and which is held at the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. Discography As leader Dogon A.D. (Mbari, 1972) Coon Bid'ness (Arista/Freedom, 1975) reissued as Reflections in 1995 Blue Boyé (Mbari, 1977) (Reissued by Screwgun in 1999) Roi Boyé & the Gotham Minstrels (Sackville, 1977) Raw Materials and Residuals (Black Saint, 1978) Buster Bee (Sackville, 1978) with Oliver Lake Live in New York (Red Record, 1978) with Abdul Wadud Flat-Out Jump Suite (Black Saint, 1980) Georgia Blue (Minor Music, 1984) Julius Hemphill Big Band (Elektra Musician, 1988) Fat Man and the Hard Blues (Black Saint, 1991) Live from the New Music Cafe (Music & Arts, 1992) Oakland Duets (Music & Arts, 1992) with Abdul Wadud Five Chord Stud (Black Saint, 1993) Chile New York (Black Saint, 1998) (Recorded 1980) Live at Kassiopeia (NoBusiness, 2011) (Recorded 1987) with Peter Kowald The Boyé Multi-National Crusade for Harmony (New World, 2021) a seven-CD archival set recorded during 1977–2007 Albums featuring Hemphill's music Diminutive Mysteries (Mostly Hemphill) (JMT, 1993) At Dr. King's Table (New World, 1997) One Atmosphere (Tzadik, 2003) The Hard Blues: Live in Lisbon (Clean Feed, 2004) With World Saxophone Quartet Point of No Return (Moers Music, 1977) Steppin' with the World Saxophone Quartet (Black Saint, 1979) W.S.Q. (Black Saint, 1981) Revue (Black Saint, 1982) Live in Zurich (Black Saint, 1984) Live at Brooklyn Academy of Music (Black Saint, 1986) Plays Duke Ellington (Nonesuch, 1986) Dances and Ballads (Elektra Nonesuch, 1987) Rhythm and Blues (Elektra Musician, 1989) As sideman Lightnin' Rod, Hustlers Convention (United Artists, 1973) Lester Bowie, Fast Last! (Muse, 1974) Anthony Braxton, New York, Fall 1974 (Arista, 1975) Charles "Bobo" Shaw, Concere Ntasiah (Universal Justice, 1978) Charles "Bobo" Shaw, Streets of St. Louis (Moers Music, 1978) Kalaparush, Ram's Run (Cadence, 1982) Baikida Carroll, Shadows and Reflections (Soul Note, 1982) Jamaaladeen Tacuma, Show Stopper (Gramavision, 1983) Jean-Paul Bourelly, Jungle Cowboy (JMT, 1987) Bill Frisell, Before We Were Born (Elektra Musician, 1989) Allen Lowe, At the Moment of Impact (Fairhaven, 1990) Allen Lowe, New Tango 92: After Astor Piazzolla (Fairhaven, 1991) Peter Kowald, Duos America (FMP, 1991) Peter Kowald, Duos: Europa America Japan (FMP, 1991) Juma Sultan's Aboriginal Music Society, Father of Origin (Eremite, 2011) Oliver Lake (born September 14, 1942)[1] is an American jazz saxophonist, flutist, composer, poet, and visual artist. He is known mainly for alto saxophone, but he also performs on soprano and flute.[2] During the 1960s, Lake worked with the Black Artists Group in St. Louis.[1] In 1977, he founded the World Saxophone Quartet with David Murray, Julius Hemphill, and Hamiet Bluiett.[2] Lake worked in the group Trio 3 with Reggie Workman and Andrew Cyrille.[2] Lake has appeared on more than 80 albums as a bandleader, co-leader, and side musician. He is the father of drummer Gene Lake. Lake has been a resident of Montclair, New Jersey.[3] Awards and honors Guggenheim Fellowship (1993) Mellon Jazz Living Legacy Award (2006) Doris Duke Performing Artist Award (2014) Discography As leader Heavy Spirits (Arista/Freedom, 1975) Passing Thru (Passin' Thru, 1974) Holding Together (Black Saint, 1976) Ntu: Point from Which Creation Begins (Arista/Freedom, 1976) Buster Bee (Sackville, 1978) Life Dance of Is (Arista Novus, 1978) Shine! (Arista Novus, 1979) Clevont Fitzhubert (Black Saint, 1981) Prophet (Black Saint, 1981) Jump Up (Gramavision, 1982) Plug It (Gramavision, 1983) Expandable Language (Black Saint, 1985) Gallery (Gramavision, 1986) Dancevision (Blue Heron, 1986) Impala (Gramavision, 1987) Otherside (Gramavision, 1988) Again and Again (Gramavision, 1991) Boston Duets (Music & Arts, 1992) Virtual Reality (Total Escapism) (Gazell, 1992) Zaki (hat ART, 1992) Edge-ing (Black Saint, 1994) Dedicated to Dolphy (Black Saint, 1996) Matador of 1st & 1st (Passin' Thru, 1996) Movement, Turns & Switches (Passin' Thru, 1997) Kinda' Up (Justin Time, 2000) Talkin' Stick (Passin' Thru, 2000) Have Yourself a Merry... (Passin' Thru, 2001) Cloth (Passin' Thru, 2003) Dat Love (Passin' Thru, 2004) Live (Passin' Thru, 2005) Urban Rumination (Metaphysical, 2005) Lake/Tchicai/Osgood/Westergaard (Passin' Thru, 2006) Makin' It (Passin' Thru, 2008) For a Little Dancin (Intakt, 2010) Plan (Passin' Thru, 2010) Lakes at the Stone (Passin' Thru, 2011) Wheels (Passin' Thru, 2013) All Decks (Intakt, 2013) What I Heard (Passin' Thru, 2014) To Roy (Intakt, 2015) Live at the Downtown Music Gallery NYC (2016) Right Up On (Passin' Thru, 2017) With Trio 3 Live in Willisau (Dizim, 1997) Encounter (Passin' Thru, 2000) Open Ideas (Palmetto, 2002) Time Being (Intakt, 2006) Wha's Nine: Live at the Sunset (Marge, 2008) Berne Concert (Intakt, 2009) At This Time (Intakt, 2009) Celebrating Mary Lou Williams–Live at Birdland New York (Intakt, 2011) Refraction – Breakin' Glass (Intakt, 2013) Wiring (Intakt, 2014) Visiting Texture (Intakt, 2017) As sideman With Björk Debut (One Little Indian, 1993) Celebrating Wood and Metal (MTV, 1997) Surrounded (One Little Indian, 2006) With World Saxophone Quartet Point of No Return (Moers Music, 1977) Steppin' with the World Saxophone Quartet (Black Saint, 1979) W.S.Q. (Black Saint, 1981) Revue (Black Saint, 1982) Live in Zurich (Black Saint, 1984) Live at Brooklyn Academy of Music (Black Saint, 1986) Plays Duke Ellington (Elektra Nonesuch, 1986) Dances and Ballads (Elektra Nonesuch, 1987) Rhythm and Blues (Elektra Musician, 1989) Metamorphosis (Elektra Nonesuch, 1991) Moving Right Along (Black Saint, 1994) Breath of Life (Elektra Nonesuch, 1994) Takin' It 2 the Next Level (Justin Time, 1996) Four Now (Justin Time, 1996) Selim Sivad: a Tribute to Miles Davis (Justin Time, 1998) M'Bizo (Justin Time, 1999) Requiem for Julius (Justin Time, 2000) 25th Anniversary: The New Chapter (Justin Time, 2001) Steppenwolf (Justin Time, 2002) Experience (Justin Time, 2004) Political Blues (Justin Time, 2006) With others Pheeroan Aklaff, Global Mantras (ModernMasters, 1998) Dee Alexander, Songs My Mother Loves (Blujazz, 2014) Karl Berger, Live at the Donaueschingen Music Festival (MPS, 1980) Karl Berger, New Moon (Palcoscenico, 1980) Borah Bergman, A New Organization (Soul Note, 1999) Black Artists Group, In Paris, Aries 1973 (self-issued in 1973; reissued by Aguirre in 2018) Samuel Blaser, Early in the Morning (Outnote, 2018) Joseph Bowie, Joseph Bowie & Oliver Lake (Sackville, 1976) Anthony Braxton, New York, Fall 1974 (Arista, 1975) Alex Cline, For People in Sorrow (Cryptogramophone, 2013) Jerome Cooper, For the People (hat Hut, 1980) Marilyn Crispell, Circles (Victo, 1991) Andrew Cyrille, My Friend Louis (DIW, 1992) Andrew Cyrille, Ode to the Living Tree (Venus, 1995) Ted Daniel, In the Beginning (Altura Music, 1997) Ted Daniel, Innerconnection (NoBusiness, 2014) Defunkt, Live in Europe (Music Avenue, 2002) Dave Douglas, Metamorphosis (Greenleaf Music, 2017) Lisle Ellis, Sucker Punch Requiem: Henceforth (2008) Laika Fatien, Nebula (Verve, 2011) Donal Fox, Gone City (New World, 1997) Dennis Gonzalez, Idle Wild (Clean Feed, 2005) Ross Hammond, Our Place On the Wheel (Prescott, 2020) Craig Harris, Souls Within the Veil (Aquastra Music, 2005) Billy Hart, Enchance (Horizon, 1977) Julius Hemphill, One Atmosphere (Tzadik, 2003) Human Arts Ensemble, Whisper of Dharma (Universal Justice, 1972) Michael Gregory Jackson, Clarity (Bija, 1977) Michael Gregory Jackson, Karmonic Suite (Improvising Artists 1978) Bill Laswell, Bill Laswell & Material (Golden Stars, 2005) Abbey Lincoln, Who Used to Dance (Verve/Gitanes, 1997) Mark Masters, Farewell Walter Dewey Redman (Capri, 2008) Material, One Down (Elektra/Celluloid, 1982) Mediaeval Baebes, Undrentide (BMG, 2000) Meshell Ndegeocello, The World Has Made Me the Man of My Dreams (Bismillah, 2007) Meshell Ndegeocello, The Spirit Music Jamia: Dance of the Infidel (Universal/EmArcy, 2005) Tatsuya Nakamura, Song of Pat (Nadja, 1976) Lou Reed, Set the Twilight Reeling (Warner Bros., 1995) Archie Shepp, Phat Jam in Milano (Dawn of Freedom 2009) Solidarity Unit, Inc., Red, Black & Green (Universal Justice Records, 1972; Eremite, 2008) Bernadette Speach, Without Borders (Mode, 1988) String Trio of New York, Frozen Ropes (Barking Hoop, 2005) Sunny Murray, Apple Cores (Philly Jazz, 1978) Malachi Thompson, Freebop Now! (Delmark, 1998) Malachi Thompson, Talking Horns (Delmark, 2001) Trio Transition, Trio Transition with Special Guest Oliver Lake (DIW, 1988) James Blood Ulmer, Are You Glad to Be in America? (Rough Trade, 1980) James Blood Ulmer, Free Lancing (Columbia, 1981) Bennie Wallace, The Art of the Saxophone (Denon, 1987) Reggie Workman, Synthesis (Leo, 1986) Jazz saxophonists are musicians who play various types of saxophones (alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone etc.) in jazz and its associated subgenres. The techniques and instrumentation of this type of performance have evolved over the 20th century, influenced by both movements of musicians that became the subgenres and by particularly influential sax players who helped reshape the music. In the 1930s, during the swing and big band era, saxophonists like altoist Johnny Hodges (1906–1970), who led the saxophone section in the Duke Ellington Big Band, were featured soloists in a highly structured system of playing where such solos were limited moments of musical freedom. In the early 1940s, jazz saxophonists such as Charlie Parker (alto, tenor) and Sonny Stitt (alto, tenor) led a rebellion against the strictures of big band jazz, shifting away from danceable popular music towards a more challenging "musician's music" that would come to be called bebop, with solos that included more chromaticism and dissonance. Charlie Parker is particularly noted for his groundbreaking solo techniques that is still widely admired today. He was credited to be one of the major influences of the bebop movement. In the 1950s, sax players like tenor saxophonist John Coltrane (1926–1967) and Sonny Rollins (born 1930) broke new ground in jazz, infusing their music with rhythm and blues, modal, Latin and gospel influences as part of the hard bop subgenre. In the 1950s and 1960s, free jazz pioneers such as Ornette Coleman (1930–2015) and Albert Ayler developed unusual new sounds and playing styles. In the early 1960s, Woody Herman's lead "(Four) Brother", Stan Getz, played cool jazz with Brazilian musicians in the emerging bossa nova style. Getz was known for his rich tone, ability to swing and impeccable technique. In the 1970s, fusion jazz blended rock and jazz, with saxophonists like Wayne Shorter and Michael Brecker at the front of that movement. In the 1980s, smooth jazz saxophonists such as Kenny G (Kenny Gorelick, born 1956, soprano, alto, tenor), Bob Mintzer (tenor) and David Sanborn (born 1945, alto, soprano) played a radio-friendly style of fusion called smooth jazz. Other notable smooth jazz saxophonists include Dave Koz, Jeff Kashiwa, Brandon Fields. In the 1990s and 2000s, Joshua Redman (born 1969, tenor, soprano, alto) and Chris Potter (tenor, soprano) returned to a more traditional approach which harked back to the saxophone greats of the 1950s and 1960s. Jazz saxophonist Greg Abate continues to keep bebop alive on the alto, soprano, tenor, baritone as well as the flute. Notable jazz saxophonists include: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ See alsoReferences A Frøy Aagre (born 1977) (tenor, soprano) Mindi Abair (born 1969) (alto, soprano) Greg Abate (born 1947) (alto) George Adams (1940–1992) (tenor) Pepper Adams (1930–1986) (baritone) Julian "Cannonball" Adderley (1928–1975) (alto) Ahmad Alaadeen (1934–2010) (soprano, tenor) Gerald Albright (born 1957) (alto) Eric Alexander (born 1968) (tenor) Gene Allen (1928–2008) (baritone) Harry Allen (born 1966) (tenor) Pete Allen (born 1954) (alto, soprano) Sophie Alour (born 1974) (tenor, soprano) Gene Ammons (1925–1974) (tenor) Curtis Amy ("The Jazz Man") (1929–2002) (tenor) Fred Anderson (1929–2010) (tenor) Wessell Anderson (born 1964) (sopranino, alto) Peter Apfelbaum (born 1960) (tenor) Julian Argüelles (born 1966) (soprano, alto, tenor, baritone) Harold Ashby (1925–2003) (tenor) Gilad Atzmon (born 1963) (alto, soprano, tenor, baritone) Georgie Auld (1919–1990) (tenor) Albert Ayler (1936–1970) (alto, tenor, soprano) B Buster Bailey (1902–1967) Erik Balke (born 1953) (alto, soprano) Iain Ballamy (born 1964) (tenor, alto, soprano) Pat LaBarbera (born 1944) (tenor, soprano, alto) Gato Barbieri (1934–2016) (tenor) Eddie Barefield (1909–1991) Gabe Baltazar (1929-2022) (alto) Dale Barlow (born 1959) (tenor, soprano) Carolyn Breuer (born 1969) (alto, soprano) Alan Barnes (born 1959) (alto, baritone) Bootsie Barnes (1937–2020) (tenor) John Barnes (born 1932) (tenor) Polo Barnes (1901–1981) (alto) Charlie Barnet (1913–1991) (tenor, alto, soprano) Kjell Bartholdsen (1938–2009) (tenor) Gary Bartz (born 1940) (alto, soprano) Mario Bauzá (1911–1993) (alto) Walter Beasley (born 1961) (alto, soprano) Sidney Bechet (1897–1959) (soprano, tenor, bass) Jay Beckenstein (Born 1951) (soprano, alto) Noah Becker (born 1970) (alto) Bob Belden (1958–2016) (tenor, soprano) Tex Beneke (1914–2000) (tenor) Daniel Bennett (born 1979) (alto) Eli Bennett (born 1989) (tenor) Ivy Benson (1913–1993) (alto) Bob Berg (1951–2002) (tenor, soprano) Totti Bergh (1935–2012) (tenor) Kristian Bergheim (1926–2010) (tenor) Jerry Bergonzi (born 1947) (tenor, soprano) Tim Berne (born 1954) (alto, baritone) Chu Berry (1910–1941) (tenor) Barney Bigard (1906–1980) (tenor) David Binney (born 1961) (alto) Chris Biscoe (born 1947) (alto, soprano, tenor, baritone) Ron Blake (born 1965) (tenor, soprano) Seamus Blake (born 1970) (tenor) Walter Blanding (born 1971) (tenor) Jane Ira Bloom (born 1955) (soprano) Hamiet Bluiett (1940–2018) (baritone) Arthur Blythe (1940–2017) (alto, soprano) Céline Bonacina (born 1975) (baritone, alto, soprano) Graham Bond (1937–1974) (alto) Earl Bostic (1913–1965) (alto) Ralph Bowen (born 1961) (tenor, alto, soprano) Charles Brackeen (1940–2021) (tenor, soprano) Don Braden (born 1964) (tenor) George Braith (born 1939) (alto, soprano) Anthony Braxton (born 1944) (all saxophones) Michael Brecker (1949–2007) (tenor, soprano) Willem Breuker (1944–2010) (saxophones) Nick Brignola (1936–2002) (baritone, soprano, tenor, alto) Gordon Brisker (1937–2004) (tenor) Tina Brooks (1932–1974) (tenor) Peter Brötzmann (born 1941) (alto, tenor, bass) Ari Brown (born 1944) (tenor, alto, soprano) Boyce Brown (1910–1959) (alto) Pete Brown (1906–1963) (alto, tenor) Marion Brown (1935–2010) (alto) YolanDa Brown (born 1982) (tenor, soprano, alto) Tore Brunborg (born 1960) (tenor) Rusty Bryant (1929–1991) (alto, tenor) Jane Bunnett (born 1955) (soprano) John Butcher (born 1954) (tenor, soprano, baritone) Sam Butera (1927–2009) (tenor) Igor Butman (born 1961) (alto) Don Byas (1912–1972) (tenor) C Ed Calle (born 1959) (all saxes) Harry Carney (1910–1974) (baritone) Scoops Carry (1915–1970) (alto) Benny Carter (1907–2003) (alto) James Carter (born 1969) (all saxes—from soprano to bass) Luciano Caruso (born 1944) (soprano) Fabrizio Cassol (born 1964) (alto, aulochroom) Justin Chart (born 1960) (alto) Serge Chaloff (1923–1957) (baritone) Jean-Louis Chautemps (born 1931) (tenor, baritone) Chris Cheek (born 1968) (tenor) Pete Christlieb (born 1945) (tenor) Jeff Clayton (1954–2020) (alto) Arnett Cobb (1918–1989) (tenor) Tony Coe (born 1934) (tenor, soprano) Jeff Coffin (born 1965) (soprano, alto, tenor, baritone) Anat Cohen (born 1975)) (tenor, soprano) Al Cohn (1925–1988) (tenor) Richie Cole (1948–2020) (alto, tenor, baritone) Steve Cole (born 1971) (tenor) George Coleman (born 1935) (tenor) Ornette Coleman (1930–2015) (alto, tenor) Steve Coleman (born 1956) (alto, soprano) Buddy Collette (1921–2010) (alto, tenor) John Coltrane (1926–1967) (tenor, soprano, alto) Ravi Coltrane (born 1965) (tenor, soprano) Randolph Colville (1942–2004) Junior Cook (1934–1992) (tenor) Bob Cooper (1925–1993) (tenor) Lindsay Cooper (1951–2013) (soprano, alto) Lol Coxhill (1932–2012) (soprano) Hank Crawford (1934–2009) (alto, baritone) Ray Crawford (1924–1996) (tenor) Sonny Criss (1927–1977) (alto, soprano) Ronnie Cuber (born 1941) (baritone) King Curtis (1934–1971) (tenor, soprano) D Olav Dale (1958–2014) (tenor, soprano) Eddie Daniels (born 1941) (tenor) John Dankworth (1927–2010) (alto) Joe Darensbourg (1906–1985) Eric Darius (born 1982) (alto, tenor, soprano) Julian Dash (1916–1974) (tenor) Kenny Davern (1935–2006) Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis (1921–1986) (tenor) Jesse Davis (born 1965) (alto) Lem Davis (1914–1970) (alto) Nathan Davis (1937–2018) (tenor, soprano) Elton Dean (1945–2006) (alto, saxello) Eli Degibri (born 1978) (tenor, soprano) Paul Desmond (1924–1977) (alto) Johnny Dodds (1892–1940) (alto) Klaus Doldinger (born 1936) (tenor, soprano) Eric Dolphy (1928–1964) (alto) Arne Domnérus (1924–2008) (alto) Sam Donahue (1918–1974) (tenor) Lou Donaldson (born 1926) (alto) Jimmy Dorsey (1904–1957) (alto) Bob Downes (born 1937) (alto, soprano) Paquito D'Rivera (born 1948) (alto) Gerd Dudek (born 1938) (tenor, soprano) Candy Dulfer (born 1969) (alto) Hans Dulfer (born 1940) (tenor) Paul Dunmall (born 1953) (tenor, soprano, baritone, saxello) E Allen Eager (1927–2003) (tenor, alto) Bill Easley (born 1946) (tenor, alto) Teddy Edwards (1924–2003) (tenor) Richard Elliot (born 1960) (tenor) Peter Epstein (born 1967) (tenor) Helén Eriksen (born 1971) (tenor) Booker Ervin (1930–1970) (tenor) Wayne Escoffery (born 1975) (tenor) Ellery Eskelin (born 1959) (tenor) Bill Evans (born 1958) (tenor, soprano) Herschel Evans (1909–1939) (tenor, alto) Sandy Evans (tenor, soprano) F Joe Farrell (1937–1986) (tenor, soprano) Wally Fawkes (born 1924) (soprano) Wilton Felder (1940–2015) Buddy Featherstonhaugh (1909–1976) (tenor, baritone) Brandon Fields (born 1958) (alto) Mickey Fields (1932/1933-1995) Mikkel Flagstad (1930–2005) (tenor) Ricky Ford (born 1954) (tenor) Jimmy Forrest (1920–1980) (tenor) Sonny Fortune (1939–2018) (alto, soprano) Håvard Fossum (born 1971) (tenor) Alex Foster (born 1953) (alto, tenor) Frank Foster (1928–2011) (tenor, soprano) Gary Foster (born 1936) (tenor, alto, soprano, sopranino) Charles Fowlkes (1916–1980) (baritone) Joel Frahm (born 1969) (tenor, soprano) Bob Franceschini (born 1961) (tenor) Bud Freeman (1906–1991) (tenor) Chico Freeman (born 1949) (tenor, soprano) Von Freeman (1923–2012) (tenor) Tia Fuller (born 1976) (alto) Svein Magnus Furu (born 1983) (tenor) G Brent Gallaher (born 1969) (tenor, soprano, alto) Al Gallodoro (1913–2008) (alto) Jim Galloway (1936–2014) Jan Garbarek (born 1947) (tenor, soprano) Nubya Garcia (born 1991) (tenor) Lou Gare (1939–2017) (tenor) Joe Garland (1903–1977) (tenor, baritone, bass) Tim Garland (born 1966) (tenor, soprano) Carlos Garnett (born 1938) (tenor, soprano) Kenny Garrett (born 1960) (alto, soprano) Charles Gayle (born 1939) (tenor) Herb Geller (1928–2013) (alto, soprano) Stan Getz (1927–1991) (tenor) Sal Giorgianni (born 1964) (alto, tenor, soprano) John Gilmore (1931–1995) (tenor) Jimmy Giuffre (1921–2008) (tenor, baritone, soprano) Frode Gjerstad (born 1948) (alto) Victor Goines (born 1961) (tenor, soprano) Harry Gold (1907–2005) (bass, tenor, alto) Benny Golson (born 1929) (tenor) Paul Gonsalves (1920–1974) (tenor) Scheila Gonzalez (born 1971) (tenor) Benny Goodman (1909–1986) (alto) Dexter Gordon (1923–1990) (tenor) Gerard "Doudou" Gouirand (born 1940) (alto, soprano) Kenny G (Kenny Gorelick, born 1956) (soprano, alto, tenor) Bill Graham (1918–1975) (alto, baritone, tenor) Henning Gravrok (born 1948) (tenor, soprano) Wardell Gray (1921–1955) (tenor) Bunky Green (born 1935) (alto) Jimmy Greene (born 1975) (tenor, soprano) Johnny Griffin (1928–2008) (tenor) Euge Groove (born 1962) Steve Grossman (1951–2020) (alto, soprano, tenor) Gigi Gryce (1927–1983) (alto) Peter Guidi (1949–2018) (alto, soprano) Lars Gullin (1928–1976) (baritone) Guttorm Guttormsen (born 1950) (alto) Tommy Gwaltney (1925–2003) (alto, tenor) H Morten Halle (born 1957) (tenor, alto) Børge-Are Halvorsen (born 1978) (baritone, tenor, alto, soprano) Scott Hamilton (born 1954) (tenor) Captain John Handy (1900–1971) (alto) Craig Handy (born 1952) (alto, tenor, soprano) John Handy (born 1933) (alto) Everette Harp (born 1961) Billy Harper (born 1943) (tenor, alto) Joe Harriott (1928–1973) (alto) Eddie Harris (1934–1996) (tenor) Donald Harrison (born 1960) (alto) Antonio Hart (born 1968) (alto, soprano) Tubby Hayes (1935–1973) (tenor) Alfred 23 Harth (born 1949) (tenor, soprano, alto, baritone) Coleman Hawkins (1901–1969) (tenor) Jimmy Heath (1926–2020) (tenor) Eirik Hegdal (born 1973) (baritone, tenor, alto, soprano) Ernie Henry (1926–1957) (alto) Joe Henderson (1937–2001) (tenor) Julius Hemphill (1938–1995) (alto, soprano, tenor) Woody Herman (1913–1987) (alto) Vincent Herring (born 1964) (alto) Warren Hill (born 1966) (soprano, alto) Nigel Hitchcock (born 1971) Fred Ho (1957–2014) (baritone) Johnny Hodges (1907–1970) (alto, soprano) Bendik Hofseth (born 1962) (tenor) Red Holloway (1927–2012) (tenor, alto) Ron Holloway (born 1953) (tenor) Charlie Holmes (1910–1985) (alto) Paul Horn (1930–2014) (alto) Lars Horntveth (born 1980) (tenor) Steve Houben (born 1950) (tenor, alto) Reggie Houston (born 1947) (soprano, alto, tenor, baritone) George Howard (1956–1998) (soprano, tenor) Derek Humble (1932–1971) (alto) Shabaka Hutchings (born 1984) Jan Kåre Hystad (born 1955) (tenor, alto, soprano) Ole Jacob Hystad (born 1960) (tenor) I John Pål Inderberg (born 1950) J Jessy J (born 1982) Illinois Jacquet (1922–2004) (tenor) Javon Jackson (born 1965) (tenor) Torbjørn Sletta Jacobsen (born 1973) (tenor) Jaroslav Jakubovič (born 1948) (baritone) Nils Jansen (born 1959) (bass, sopranino, tenor) Joseph Jarman (1937-2019) (alto) Boney James (born 1961) (tenor, alto, soprano) Carter Jefferson (1946–1993) Hilton Jefferson (1903–1968) (alto) Paul Jeffrey (1933–2015) (all saxes) John Jenkins (1931–1993) (alto) Bjørn Johansen (1940–2002) (baritone, tenor, alto) Bill Johnson (1912–1960) (alto) Budd Johnson (1910–1984) (tenor) Edward "Kidd" Jordan (1935-2023) (alto, tenor, soprano, baritone) Louis Jordan (1908–1975) (alto) Jackiem Joyner (born 1980) K Richie Kamuca (1930–1977) (tenor) Jeff Kashiwa (born 1963) (soprano, alto, tenor) Tom Keenlyside (born 1950) (all saxes) Gary Keller (born 1953) (all saxes) Robin Kenyatta (1942–2004) (alto) Pete King (1929–2009) (tenor) Peter King (1940–2020) (alto, soprano) Rosa King (1939–2000) (and singer) Niels Klein (born 1978) (tenor, soprano) Kåre Kolve (born 1964) (tenor, soprano) Håkon Kornstad (born 1977) (tenor, bass) Rahsaan Roland Kirk (1936–1977), soprano ("manzello"), alto ("stritch"), tenor John Klemmer (born 1946) (baritone, alto, tenor) Eric Kloss (born 1949) (alto) Kadota "Jaw" Kouske (tenor, soprano) Kaori Kobayashi (born 1981) (alto) Dave Koz (born 1963) (alto, soprano, tenor, baritone) Sigurd Køhn (1959–2004) (alto) Lee Konitz (1927–2020) (alto, soprano) Bjørn Kruse (born 1946) (alto, soprano) Fela Kuti (1939–1997) (tenor, alto) L Pat LaBarbera (born 1944) (soprano, tenor) Steve Lacy (1934–2004) (soprano) Oliver Lake (born 1942) (alto, soprano) Harold Land (1928–2001) (tenor) Brian Landrus (born 1978) (baritone, bass) Charley Langer (born 1962) Don Lanphere (1928–2003) (tenor, soprano) Prince Lasha (1929–2008) (alto) Harald Lassen (born 1987) (tenor, soprano) Yusef Lateef (1920–2013) (tenor) Azar Lawrence (born 1952) (tenor, soprano) Ronnie Laws (born 1950) (alto, tenor) Amy Lee (soprano, alto) Dave Liebman (born 1946) (soprano, tenor) Erica Lindsay (born 1955) (soprano, tenor) Michael Lington (born 1969) Fred Lipsius (born 1945) (alto) Zachary Lipton (born 1985) (soprano, tenor) Charles Lloyd (born 1938) (tenor, alto) Mornington Lockett (born 1961) (tenor, alto, soprano) Joe Lovano (born 1952) (tenor, alto, soprano) Preston Love (1921–2004) (alto) Håvard Lund (born 1970) (soprano) Arun Luthra (soprano, tenor, alto) Graeme Lyall (born 1942) (alto, tenor, soprano) Jimmy Lyons (1931–1986) (alto) Geir Lysne (born 1965) (soprano, tenor) M Teo Macero (1925–2008) (tenor, alto) Fraser MacPherson (1928–1993) (tenor) Rudresh Mahanthappa (born 1971) (alto) Joe Maini (1930–1964) (alto) Didier Malherbe (born 1943) Antonio Marangolo (born 1949) (tenor, soprano, baritone) Steve "The Count" Marcus (1939–2005) (tenor, soprano) Charlie Mariano (1923–2009) (alto) Eric Marienthal (born 1957) "Blue" Lou Marini (born 1945) (soprano, alto, tenor) Branford Marsalis (born 1960) (tenor, soprano) Warne Marsh (1927–1987) (tenor) Jørgen Mathisen (born 1984) (tenor) Ole Mathisen (born 1965) (tenor) Bennie Maupin (1940) (tenor, soprano) Andy McGhee (1927–2017) Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre (1936–2013) Hal McKusick (1924–2012) (alto) Donny McCaslin (born 1966) (tenor) Jackie McLean (1931–2006) (alto) Charles McPherson (born 1939) (alto) Marion Meadows (soprano) Getatchew Mekurya (1935–2016) (tenor) Don Menza (born 1936) (tenor) Bob Mintzer (born 1953) (tenor) Roscoe Mitchell (born 1940) (saxes) Josephine Alexandra Mitchell (1903–1995) was Ireland's first female saxophonist. Hank Mobley (1930–1986) (tenor) J. R. Monterose (1927–1993) (tenor) James Moody (1925–2010) (tenor, alto) Frank Morgan (1933–2007) (alto) Lanny Morgan (born 1934) (alto) Dick Morrissey (1940–2000) (tenor, soprano) Kjetil Møster (born 1976) (tenor, baritone) Gerry Mulligan (1927–1996) (baritone) Mike Murley (born 1961) (tenor, soprano) David Murray (born 1955) (tenor) Vido Musso (1913–1982) (tenor) Bheki Mseleku (1955–2008) (tenor) Henry 'Boots' Mussulli (1915–1967) (alto) N Najee (born 1957) (soprano, alto, tenor) Zbigniew Namysłowski (1939–2022) (alto) Ted Nash (born 1960) (alto) Oliver Nelson (1932–1975) (alto, tenor) Roger Neumann (1940–2018) (tenor, baritone) Bjarne Nerem (1923–1991) (tenor, alto) Marius Neset (born 1985) (tenor, soprano) David "Fathead" Newman (1933–2009) (tenor) Lennie Niehaus (1929–2020) (alto) Bodil Niska (born 1954) (tenor) Sal Nistico (1938–1991) (tenor) Luis Nubiola (born 1974) (alto) Atle Nymo (born 1977) (tenor) Frode Nymo (born 1975) (alto) Rolf-Erik Nystrøm (born 1975) (tenor) O Dick Oatts (born 1953) (soprano, alto, tenor) Maciej Obara (born 1981) (alto, tenor) Njål Ølnes (born 1965) (tenor) Anthony Ortega (born 1928) (alto, tenor) Mike Osborne (1941–2007) (alto) Greg Osby (born 1960) (alto, soprano) P Walter Parazaider (born 1945) (alto) Jorge Pardo (born 1956) (soprano, tenor) Charlie Parker (1920–1955) (alto, tenor) Evan Parker (born 1944) (soprano, tenor, alto) Leo Parker (1925–1962) (baritone, alto) Maceo Parker (born 1943) (alto, tenor, baritone) Derek Pascoe (born 1957) (tenor) Jerome Don Pasquall (1902–1971) (alto) Michel Pastre (born 1966) (tenor) Hanna Paulsberg (born 1987) (tenor) Arvid Gram Paulsen (1922–1963) (tenor, alto) George Paxton (1914–1989) (tenor) Cecil Payne (1922–2007) (baritone) Art Pepper (1925–1982) (alto, tenor) Bill Perkins (1924–2003) (tenor, baritone) Rich Perry (born 1955) (tenor) Eric Person (born 1963) (alto, soprano, tenor, sopranino) Houston Person (born 1934) (tenor) Flip Phillips (1915–2001) (tenor) Courtney Pine (born 1964) (tenor, alto, soprano) Bobby Plater (1914–1982) (alto) Pony Poindexter (1926–1988) Odean Pope (born 1938) (tenor) Michel Portal (born 1935) (tenor) Art Porter Jr. (1961–1996) (alto) Tineke Postma (born 1978) (alto, tenor, soprano) Chris Potter (born 1970) (tenor, alto, soprano) Noah Preminger (born 1986) (tenor) Russell Procope (1908–1981) (alto) Dudu Pukwana (1938–1990) (alto, soprano) Q Ike Quebec (1918–1963) (tenor) Paul Quinichette (1916-1983) (tenor) R Rama IX of Thailand (1927–2016) (alto) Boyd Raeburn (1913–1966) (bass) Bill Ramsay (born 1929) Boots Randolph (1927–2007) (tenor) Nelson Rangell (born 1960), all saxes Sonny Red (1932–1981) (alto) Vi Redd (1928–2022) (alto) Dewey Redman (1931–2006) (tenor, alto) Don Redman (1900–1964) (alto) Joshua Redman (born 1969) (alto, soprano, tenor) Jerome Richardson (1920–2000) (alto) Joe Riposo (born 1933) (Alto) Jim Riggs (born 1941) Knut Riisnæs (born 1945) (tenor) Odd Riisnæs (born 1953) (tenor, soprano) Sam Rivers (1923–2011) (soprano, tenor) Scott Robinson (born 1959) (all saxes) Spike Robinson (1930–2001) (tenor) Bob Rockwell (born 1945) (tenor, soprano) André Roligheten (born 1985) (tenor) Adrian Rollini (1904–1956) (bass, baritone) Sonny Rollins (born 1930) (tenor, soprano) Bruno Romani (born 1960) (alto, sax) Mette Henriette Martedatter Rølvåg (born 1990) (tenor) Bernt Rosengren (born 1937) (tenor, alto) Ronnie Ross (1933–1991) (baritone) Charlie Rouse (1924–1988) (tenor) Marshal Royal (1912–1995) (alto) Jeff Rupert (born 1964) (tenor, alto) Joe Rushton (1907–1964) (bass) S Edgar Sampson (1907–1973) (alto) David Sanborn (born 1945) (alto, soprano) David Sánchez (born 1969) (tenor, soprano) Pharoah Sanders (1940-2022) (tenor) Mario Schiano (1933–2008) (soprano, alto) David Schnitter (born 1948) (tenor) Anton Schwartz (born 1967) (tenor) Ronnie Scott (1927–1997) (tenor) Tom Scott (born 1948) Karl Seglem (born 1961) (tenor) Trygve Seim (born 1971) (tenor, soprano) Kristin Sevaldsen (born 1966) (tenor) Bud Shank (1926–2009) (alto, baritone, tenor) Paul Shapiro (tenor, alto) Archie Shepp (born 1937) (tenor, soprano, alto) Andy Sheppard (born 1957) (tenor, soprano) Sahib Shihab (1925–1989) (baritone, alto, soprano) Wayne Shorter (1933-2023) (tenor, soprano) Sonny Simmons (1933–2021) (alto) Zoot Sims (1925–1985) (tenor, soprano, alto, baritone) Guy Sion (born 1980) (tenor) Alan Skidmore (born 1942) (tenor) Steve Slagle (born 1951) (alto, soprano) Ben Smith (1905-?) (alto, tenor) Bill Smith (born 1938) (soprano) Buster Smith (1904–1991) (alto) Mike Smith (born 1957) (alto, soprano) Tab Smith (1909–1971) (alto) Tommy Smith (born 1967) (tenor) Gary Smulyan (born 1956) (baritone) Jim Snidero (born 1958) (alto) James Spaulding (born 1937) (alto) Hal Stein (1928–2008) (alto) Dayna Stephens (born 1978) (tenor) Robert Stewart (born 1969) (tenor, soprano) Sonny Stitt (1924–1982) (alto, tenor, baritone) Vernon Story (1922–2007) (tenor) Frank Strozier (born 1937) (alto) John Stubblefield (1945–2005) (tenor) Carol Sudhalter (born 1943) (tenor, baritone) Ed Summerlin (1928–2006) (tenor) John Surman (born 1944) (baritone, soprano) T Richard Tabnik (born 1952) (alto) Buddy Tate (1913–2001) (tenor) Paul Taylor (born 1960) John Tchicai (1936–2012) (alto) Joe Temperley (1929–2016) (baritone) Frank Teschemacher (1906–1932) (alto) Art Themen (born 1939) (tenor, soprano) Gary Thomas (born 1961) (tenor) Barbara Thompson (1944-2022) Cliff Townshend (1917–1986) Theo Travis (born 1964) (tenor, soprano) Elisabeth Lid Trøen (born 1992) (tenor) Frankie Trumbauer (1901–1956) (C-melody, alto) Mark Turner (born 1965) (tenor) Premik Russell Tubbs (born 1952) (tenor, baritone, soprano) Stanley Turrentine (1934–2000) (tenor) V to W Harold Vick (1936–1987) (tenor) Mathilde Grooss Viddal (born 1969) (soprano, tenor) Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson (1917–1988) (alto) Bennie Wallace (born 1946) (tenor) David S. Ware (1949–2012) (tenor, saxello, stritch) Earle Warren (1914–1994) (alto) Grover Washington Jr. (1943–1999) (soprano, alto, tenor, baritone) Kamasi Washington (born 1981) (tenor) Sadao Watanabe (born 1933) (alto, soprano) Bobby Watson (born 1953) (alto) Ernie Watts (born 1945) (alto, tenor) Trevor Watts (born 1939) (alto, soprano) Doug Webb (born 1960) Ben Webster (1909–1973) (tenor) Don Weller (1940–2020) (tenor) Bobby Wellins (1936–2016) (tenor) Frank Wess (1922–2013) (tenor) Petter Wettre (born 1967) (tenor) Kirk Whalum (born 1958) Andrew White (1942–2020) Tommy Whittle (1926–2013) (tenor) Barney Wilen (1937–1996) (soprano, alto, tenor) Ed Wiley Jr. (1930–2010) (alto, tenor) Mars Williams (born 1955) (sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor) Pamela Williams (soprano, alto) Steve Williamson (born 1964) (tenor, alto, soprano) Steve Wilson (born 1961) (alto, soprano) Juli Wood (tenor) Phil Woods (1931–2015) (alto, soprano) Leo Wright (1933–1991) (alto) Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski (born 1936) (tenor) X, Y and Z Ed Xiques (1939–2020) (baritone, alto, tenor, soprano) Pete Yellin (1941–2016) (alto) Lester Young (1909–1959) (tenor) Lukas Zabulionis (born 1992) (tenor) Daniel Zamir (born 1981) (soprano, alto) Miguel Zenón (born 1976) (alto) John Zorn (born 1953) (alto) The Black Artists Group (BAG) was a multidisciplinary arts collective that existed in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1968 to 1972. BAG is known for the convergence of free jazz and experimental theater.[1][2] Members Members included saxophonists Julius Hemphill,[3] Oliver Lake,[3] J. D. Parran, Hamiet Bluiett, and Luther Thomas; trumpeters Baikida Carroll[3] and Floyd LeFlore; trombonist Joseph Bowie;[3] drummers Bensid Thigpen and Charles "Bobo" Shaw;[3] bassist Bobby Reed, Arzinia Richardson; stage directors Malinke Robert Elliott, Vincent Terrell, and Muthal Naidoo; actors LeRoi S. Shelton; poets Ajule (Bruce) Rutlin[3] and Shirley LeFlore; dancers Georgia Collins and Luisah Teish; and painters Emilio Cruz and Oliver Lee Jackson. While Jackson was not officially a member, he was deeply involved with BAG and is usually listed as a member.[citation needed] In addition, Ronnie Burrage was considered one of the youngest members (11 and 12 years old) of BAG as he began to perform with various members in 1971 and 1972.[4] History Members Oliver Lake, Lester Bowie, and Floyd LeFlore studied music in the jazz program at Sumner High School. They continued music education at Lincoln University alongside Julius Hemphill. Several members were drafted into military service, and all played music in St. Louis through the 1960s. Frustration with discrimination and limited opportunities brought the musical artists together with black actors marginalized from the theater scene, and they began collaborating on artistic productions around LaClede Town, the Circle Coffee Shop, and Berea Church.[2] While strongly influenced by Chicago's Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians, the Black Artists Group was unique in including artists from dance, theater, visual arts, and creative writing. They incorporated as a not-for-profit organization under the name "The Black Artists' Group, Inc" in 1968.[2] BAG received major grant funding from the Danforth Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation. In July 1969, the group paid $1 annual rent for a building at 2665 Washington Blvd.[1] Many of the BAG members relocated to Paris and then New York in the 1970s.[1] A recording of a 1973 performance in Paris was released on an LP titled In Paris, Aries 1973, the only album ever issued under the BAG name.[5] Legacy BAG inspired other groups and artistic collectives to form around the United States and influenced Chicago's Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians.[6] Oliver Lake, Julius Hemphill and Hamiet Bluiett formed the African Continuum and organized the 1971 multimedia concert "Images: Sons/Ancestors" at Powell Symphony Hall, which was delayed by a bomb threat.[2] They went on to form the World Saxophone Quartet and were notable in the "loft-jazz" scene of New York's underground in the 1980s.[1] See also The alto saxophone is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones were invented by Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in the 1840s and patented in 1846. The alto saxophone is pitched in the key of E♭, smaller than the B♭ tenor but larger than the B♭ soprano. It is the most common saxophone and is used in popular music, concert bands, chamber music, solo repertoire, military bands, marching bands, pep bands, and jazz (such as big bands, jazz combos, swing music). The alto saxophone had a prominent role in the development of jazz. Influential jazz musicians who made significant contributions include Don Redman, Jimmy Dorsey, Johnny Hodges, Benny Carter, Charlie Parker, Sonny Stitt, Lee Konitz, Jackie McLean, Phil Woods, Art Pepper, Paul Desmond, and Cannonball Adderley. Although the role of the alto saxophone in orchestral music has been limited, influential performers include Marcel Mule, Sigurd Raschèr, Jean-Marie Londeix, Eugene Rousseau, and Frederick L. Hemke. Range Chromatic scale Duration: 26 seconds.0:26 Full range (from D♭ to A♭) chromatic scale Problems playing this file? See media help. As with most saxophones, the alto's written range is B♭3 to F6 (or F♯6),[1] with the higher altissimo register starting at F♯6 (or G6). The saxophone's altissimo register is more difficult to control than that of other woodwinds and is usually only expected from advanced players. The alto saxophone is a transposing instrument, with pitches sounding a major sixth lower than written. In terms of concert pitches, the alto saxophone's range is from concert D♭3 (the D♭ below middle C—see Scientific pitch notation) to concert A♭5 (or A5 on altos with a high F♯ key). A few rare alto saxophones have been keyed to reach a low A, a semitone lower, similar to baritone saxophones.[2][3] Alto saxophonists Main article: List of saxophonists Free jazz pioneer Ornette Coleman playing the alto sax Notable jazz alto saxophonists include Charlie Parker, Cannonball Adderley, Johnny Hodges, Paul Desmond, Benny Carter, Ornette Coleman, Bobby Watson, Eric Dolphy, Marshall Allen, Art Pepper, Julius Hemphill, Oliver Lake, Anthony Braxton, Henry Threadgill, Carlos Ward, David Sanborn, Dave Koz, Tom Scott, Paquito D'Rivera, John Zorn, Tim Berne, Steve Wilson, Steve Coleman, Greg Osby, Vincent Herring, Mark Gross, Kenny Garrett, and Jeff Coffin. Notable classical alto saxophonists include Tim McAllister, Jean-Yves Fourmeau, Lawrence Gwozdz, Donald Sinta, Harvey Pittel, Larry Teal, Kenneth Tse, Arno Bornkamp, Harry White, Otis Murphy, Claude Delangle. Kadri Gopalnath was the pioneer of Carnatic music for the instrument. Manufacturers Companies that currently produce saxophones include Buffet Crampon, KHS/Jupiter, Conn-Selmer, Selmer Paris, Yamaha, Leblanc/Vito, Keilwerth, Cannonball, and Yanagisawa. Yamaha YAS-62 alto saxophone Classical music repertoire The alto saxophone has a large classical solo repertoire that includes solos with orchestra, piano and wind symphony. Two important solo compositions are Jacques Ibert's "Concertino da Camera" and Alexander Glazunov's "Concerto in E Flat major". The alto saxophone is found in the standard instrumentation of concert bands and saxophone quartets. Alexander Glazunov composed his Saxophone Quartet in B-flat major in 1932. The alto saxophone is sometimes used in orchestral music. Some of the compositions where it appears are listed below. Georges Bizet features it in the "Intermezzo" and "Minuet" from the second suite of music from L'Arlésienne. It was called for by Richard Strauss in his Sinfonia Domestica, which includes parts for four saxophones including an alto saxophone in F. Dmitri Shostakovich uses the alto in his Suite for Variety Orchestra and it has a prominent solo in the "Waltz No. 2" section. He also includes it in his Suite No. 1 and Suite No. 2. Maurice Ravel uses the saxophone prominently in his orchestration of Modest Moussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, most notably as the soloist in "Il vecchio castello". Alban Berg uses the saxophone in his late orchestral works, most notably "Der Wein", Lulu, and the Violin Concerto. Sergei Rachmaninoff uses the saxophone in his Symphonic Dances as a soloist in the first movement. George Gershwin includes it in a few pieces; such as Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris. Pierre Boulez wrote for 2 alto saxes in his composition Pli selon pli ("Fold by Fold"). Benjamin Britten calls for an alto in his Sinfonia da Requiem and The Prince of the Pagodas. Leonard Bernstein includes an alto sax in his Symphonic Dances from West Side Story. Vincent d'Indy enlists two altos in his opera Fervaal. Darius Milhaud writes for an alto in La Creation du Monde, and places it in the score where one would expect to see a viola. Allan Pettersson makes use of an alto in his 16th Symphony. Krzysztof Penderecki scores for two altos in his opera The Devils of Loudon ("Die Teufel von Loudon"). Aram Khatchaturian includes an alto in his ballet Gayane. Poul Ruders includes a significant solo for the alto saxophone in his orchestral suite Concerto in Pieces. Eric Coates wrote for an alto in his 1936 Saxo-Rhapsody. Claude Debussy features an alto in his Rhapsody for Saxophone and Orchestra. Paul Creston wrote a concerto for the alto as well as a sonata (with piano), a rapsodie (with organ), and included it in a suite for saxophone quartet. Ronald Binge wrote a concerto for the alto saxophone in E-flat major (1956) Alan Hovhaness includes an alto in his ballet Is There Survival (also known as King Vahaken) and as part of incidental music he wrote to accompany the play The Flowering Peach. Béla Bartók calls for an alto in his ballet The Wooden Prince (as well as tenor and baritones saxes). Michael Tippett employs an alto in his 1989 opera New Year (as well as soprano, tenor and baritone saxes). Tony Banks wrote an alto feature for the first track of his 2012 album Six Pieces for Orchestra. Igor Stravinsky calls for two altos in his Ebony Concerto (as well as two tenors and a baritone).
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