Estatuilla antigua vintage retro de Disney 101 adorno de perro dálmata brillo dorado EE. UU.

EUR 42,35 ¡Cómpralo ya! o Mejor oferta, EUR 14,11 Envío, 30-Día Devoluciones, Garantía al cliente de eBay
Vendedor: lasvegasormonaco ✉️ (3.236) 99.7%, Ubicación del artículo: Manchester, Take a look at my other items, GB, Realiza envíos a: WORLDWIDE, Número de artículo: 266564330622 Estatuilla antigua vintage retro de Disney 101 adorno de perro dálmata brillo dorado EE. UU..

 
Dalmation Dog  Ornament This is a Brass Dalmation Figurine with Spots and a Golden Lustre  The Dimensions are 40mm high,70mm long and 30mm wide and it wieghs 91 grams   A wonderful item for anyone who loves Dalmatian Dogs It would be a super addition to any collection, excellent display, practical piece or authentic period prop. In Very good  condition  for its age Comes from a pet and smoke free home Sorry about the poor quality photos.  They don't  do the dog justice which looks a lot better in real life Like all my Auctions Bidding starts a a penny with no reserve... if your the only bidder you win it for 1p...Grab a Bargain! Click Here to Check out my Other Antique Items & Soins Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from over 1,000 Satisfied Customers I have over 10 years of Ebay Selling Experience - So Why Not Treat Yourself? I have got married recently and need to raise funds to meet the costs also we are planning to move into a house together  I always combined postage on multiple items Instant Feedback Automatically Left Immediately after Receiving Payment All Items Sent out within 24 hours of Receiving Payment.

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Dalmatian Dalmatiner 2.jpg Other names Carriage Dog Spotted Coach Dog Leopard Carriage Dog Firehouse Dog Plum Pudding Dog Origin Croatia Traits Height Dogs 58–61 cm (23–24 in)[1] Coat smooth, short Color White background with black or brown spots. Black-spotted dogs will always have black noses, and brown will always have brown Lemon, blue, brindle, or tricolor spots do appear on occasion but they are not accepted colors. Plain whites are also accepted but quite rare as well. Life span 10–12 years (avg.: 8 - 11) Kennel club standards Croatian Kennel Club standard Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard Dog (domestic dog) The Dalmatian is a breed of dog,[2] which has a white coat marked with black or brown-colored spots. Originating as a hunting dog,[3] it was also used as a carriage dog in its early days. The origins of this breed can be traced back to present-day Croatia and its historical region of Dalmatia.[4][5][6] It is thought that early ancestors of the breed were certain breeds of pointers and a spotted Great Dane.[7] Today, it is a popular family pet and many dog enthusiasts enter Dalmatians into kennel club competitions. Characteristics A brown Dalmatian female Body The Dalmatian is a muscular dog with excellent endurance and stamina.[2] When fully grown, according to the American Kennel Club (AKC) breed standard, it stands from 19 to 23 inches (48 to 58 cm) tall.[8] Coat Dalmatian puppies are born with plain white coats and their first spots usually appear within 10 days; however, spots may be visible on their skin from birth. They continue to develop until the dog is around 18 months old. Spots usually range in size from 2 to 6 cm (1.25 to 2.5 in), and are most commonly black or liver (brown) on a white background. Liver is the recessive colour in dalmatians, meaning that both parents have to carry the liver gene to produce this colour of pups. If both parents are liver, then all puppies will be liver-spotted. A dog who is dominate black is defined as being BB, a dog who is black spotted but carries liver is Bb and a liver dog is bb. Black spotted dogs always have black noses, and liver spotted dogs always have brown noses. Other colors that occur occasionally include blue (a blue-grayish color), brindle, mosaic, orange or lemon (dark to pale yellow), or tricolored (with black, brown and orange or lemon spots). Orange and lemon occur the most frequently, especially in America, and are dilutes of the standard colours. They are defined as orange or lemon depending on their nose colour. Another coloration pattern is a larger solid patch of color, which appears anywhere on the body, but most often on the head, ears, or tail. Patches are visible at birth and are not a group of connected spots; they are identifiable by the smooth edge of the patch, and that they have no interlacing white hairs in them.[9] Pure white individuals without spots also occur occasionally. The Dalmatian coat is usually short, fine, and dense; however, smooth-coated Dalmatians occasionally produce long-coated offspring. Long-coated Dalmatians are not acceptable in the breed standard, but these individuals experience much less shedding than their smooth-coated counterparts, which shed considerably year-round. The standard variety's short, stiff hairs often weave into carpet, clothing, upholstery, and nearly any other kind of fabric and can be difficult to remove. Weekly grooming with a hound mitt or currycomb can lessen the amount of hair Dalmatians shed, although nothing can completely prevent shedding. Due to the minimal amount of oil in their coats, Dalmatians lack a dog odor and stay fairly clean relative to many other dog breeds.[10][11] Low uric acid (LUA) Dalmatians typically have smaller spots, which do not have as strong a pigment as standard Dalmatians.[citation needed] LUA breeders are trying to deal with this aspect, but it still remains possible to be able to pick a LUA out in a line up. Litter size Dalmatians usually have litters of six to nine pups.[12] Newborn Dalmatian puppies Newborn Dalmatian puppies   Dalmatian puppies, three weeks old, spots beginning to develop Dalmatian puppies, three weeks old, spots beginning to develop   Puppies, four-five weeks old Puppies, four-five weeks old   A three-month-old Dalmatian A three-month-old Dalmatian   A four-month-old Dalmatian A four-month-old Dalmatian Health Blue and brown-eyed Dalmatian Like other breeds, Dalmatians display a propensity towards certain health problems specific to their breed, such as deafness, allergies, and urinary stones. Reputable breeders have their puppies' BAER (brainstem auditory evoked response) tested to ensure the status of the hearing on their pups.[citation needed] The Dalmatian Club of America lists the average lifespan of a Dalmatian at between 11 and 13 years, although some can live as long as 15 to 16 years.[13] Breed health surveys in the US and the UK show an average lifespan of 9.9 and 11.55 years, respectively.[14][15] In their late teens, both males and females may suffer bone spurs and arthritic conditions. Autoimmune thyroiditis may be a relatively common condition for the breed, affecting 11.6% of dogs.[16] Deafness A genetic predisposition for deafness is a serious health problem for Dalmatians; American Dalmatians exhibit a prevalence for bilateral congenital sensoneural deafness of 8% (for which there is no possible treatment), compared with 5.3% for the UK population. Deafness was not recognized by early breeders, so the breed was thought to be unintelligent. Many breeders, when hearing testing started to become the norm, were amazed to discover that they had unilateral hearing dogs. Even after recognizing the problem as a genetic fault, breeders did not understand the dogs' nature, and deafness in Dalmatians continues to be a frequent problem.[citation needed] Researchers now know deafness in albino and piebald animals is caused by the absence of mature melanocytes in the inner ear.[17] This may affect one or both ears. The condition is also common in other canine breeds that share a genetic propensity for light pigmentation. This includes, but is not limited to Bull Terriers, Dogo Argentinos, Poodles, Boxers, Border Collies and Great Danes.[citation needed] Typically, only dogs with bilateral hearing are bred, although those with unilateral hearing, and even dogs with bilateral deafness, make fine pets with appropriate training.[10] The main, and most noticeable, difference in a dog with uni hearing is that they do not have directional hearing; though the dog will be able to hear someone, they will not be able to hear the direction they are in.[clarification needed] The Dalmatian Club of America's position on deaf pups is that they should not be used for breeding, and that humane euthanasia may be considered as an "alternative to placement". The British Dalmatian Club recommends only purchasing pups who are BAER-tested, and requests all members to provide BAER testing results of their puppies so that the true deafness statistics can be looked at.[citation needed] It has been proved that it is the inheritance of the extreme piebald gene that causes blue eyes. It is therefore frowned upon to breed from blue-eyed Dalmatians even if they are fully hearing. Blue-eyed Dalmatians are not typically shown in the UK.[citation needed] Hip dysplasia Even though there is no evidence nor statistically relevant data[18] to suggest that hip dysplasia is another disease that affects Dalmatians, some blogs say that it affects nearly 5% of purebred Dalmatians,[19] causing those to experience limping, fatigue, moderate to severe pain, and trouble standing up. Even though this data is not available, it is believed that Dalmatians who eventually develop hip dysplasia are born with normal hips, but the soft tissues surrounding the joint grow abnormally due to their genetic make-up. The disease may affect both hips, or only the right or left hip, leading afflicted dogs to walk or run with an altered gait.[20] The most cited scientific report about canine hip dysplasia does not include Dalmatians among the breeds usually affected by that disease.[21] Hyperuricemia Dalmatian portrait Dalmatians, like humans, can suffer from hyperuricemia.[22] Dalmatians' livers have trouble breaking down uric acid, which can build up in the blood serum (hyperuricemia) causing gout. Uric acid can also be excreted in high concentration into the urine, causing kidney stones and bladder stones. These conditions are most likely to occur in middle-aged males. Males over ten are prone to kidney stones and should have their calcium intake reduced or be given preventive medication.[23] To reduce the risk of gout and stones, owners should carefully limit the intake of purines by avoiding giving their dogs food containing organ meats, animal byproducts, or other high-purine ingredients. Hyperuricemia in Dalmatians responds to treatment with orgotein, the veterinary formulation of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase.[24] Dalmatian-Pointer Backcross Project Hyperuricemia in Dalmatians (as in all breeds) is inherited, but unlike other breeds, the normal gene for a uric acid transporter that allows for uric acid to enter liver cells and be subsequently broken down is not present in the breed's gene pool. Therefore, there is no possibility of eliminating hyperuricemia among pure-bred Dalmatians. The only possible solution to this problem must then be crossing Dalmatians with other breeds to reintroduce the normal uric acid transporter gene. This led to the foundation of the Dalmatian-Pointer Backcross Project, which aims to reintroduce the normal uric acid transporter gene into the Dalmatian breed. The backcross used a single English Pointer; subsequent breedings have all been to purebred Dalmatians. This project was started in 1973 by Dr. Robert Schaible. The first cross (F1) hybrids did not resemble Dalmatians very closely. The F1s were then crossed back to purebreds. This breeding produced puppies of closer resemblance to the pure Dalmatian. By the fifth generation in 1981, they resembled purebreds so much, Dr. Schaible convinced the AKC to allow two of the hybrids to be registered as purebreds. Then AKC President William F. Stifel stated, "If there is a logical, scientific way to correct genetic health problems associated with certain breed traits and still preserve the integrity of the breed standard, it is incumbent upon the American Kennel Club to lead the way."[25] The Dalmatian Club of America's (DCA) board of directors supported this decision; however, it quickly became highly controversial among the club members. A vote by DCA members opposed the registration of the hybrids, causing the AKC to ban registration to any of the dog's offspring.[26][27] At the annual general meeting of the DCA in May 2006, the backcross issue was discussed again by club members. In June of the same year, DCA members were presented with an opportunity to vote on whether to reopen the discussion of the Dalmatian Backcross Project. The results of this ballot were nearly 2:1 in favor of re-examining support of the project by the DCA. This has begun with the publication of articles presenting more information both in support of and questioning the need for this project. In July 2011, the AKC agreed to allow registration of backcrossed Dalmatians.[28] In 2010, the UK Kennel Club registered a backcrossed Dalmatian called Ch. Fiacre's First and Foremost. Several restrictions were imposed on the dog. Although the dog is at least 13 generations removed from the original Pointer cross, its F1 to F3 progeny will be marked on registration certificates with asterisks (which "indicate impure or unverified breeding",[29]) no progeny will be eligible to be exported as pedigrees for the next five years, and all have to be health tested.[30] UK Dalmatian breed clubs have objected to the decision by the Kennel Club.[31] The Dalmatian Heritage Project The Dalmatian Heritage Project began in 2005. The goal of the project is to preserve and improve the Dalmatian breed by breeding parent dogs with the following traits: Normal urinary metabolism Bilateral hearing Friendly and confident All puppies in the Heritage Project are descendants of Dr. Robert Schaible's parent line. Today, "Dr. Schaible's line produces the only Dalmatians in the world today that are free of a metabolic defect that can lead to urinary tract problems."[32] History Francesco di Cosimo II de' Medici (1614–1634) with a Dalmatian, by Justus Sustermans The FCI recognized Croatia as its country of origin, citing several historical sources.[33][34] The first known written information about Dalmatian dog is from 1375, when Bishop of Đakovo, Peter mentions hunting dog from Croatia, mostly from Dalmatia with short white hair and black round spots on various parts of the body, and he called him Canis Dalmaticus.[35] The first illustrations of the dog have been found in Croatia: an altar painting in Veli Lošinj dating to 1600–1630, and a fresco in Zaostrog.[33] The first documented descriptions of the Dalmatian (Croatian: Dalmatinski pas, Dalmatiner, Dalmatinac) trace back to the early 18th century and the archives of the Archdiocese of Đakovo, where the dog was mentioned and described as Canis Dalmaticus in the church chronicles from 1719 by Bishop Petar Bakić and then again by church chronicles of Andreas Keczkeméty in 1739.[36] In 1771, Thomas Pennant described the breed in his book Synopsis of Quadrupeds, writing that the origin of the breed is from Dalmatia; he referred to it as Dalmatian.[36] The book by Thomas Bewick, A General History of Quadrupeds, published in 1790 refers to the breed as Dalmatian or Coach Dog.[36] During the Regency period, the Dalmatian became a status symbol trotting alongside the horse-drawn carriages and those with decorative spotting were highly prized. For this reason, the breed earned the epithet 'the Spotted Coach Dog.' The breed was also used to guard the stables at night.[37] The breed had been developed and cultivated chiefly in England.[36] The first unofficial standard for the breed was introduced by Englishman Vero Shaw in 1882.[36] In 1890 with the formation of the first Dalmatian Club in England, the standard became official.[36] When the dog with the distinctive markings was first shown in England in 1862, it was said to have been used as a guard dog and companion to the nomads of Dalmatia. The breed's unique coat became popular and widely distributed over the continent of Europe beginning in 1920. Its unusual markings were often mentioned by the old writers on cynology.[38] Duties A Dalmatian, published in 1859 The roles of this breed are as varied as their reputed ancestors. They were used as hunting dogs, dogs of war, guarding the borders of Dalmatia.[35] To this day, the breed retains a high guarding instinct; although friendly and loyal to those the dog knows and trusts, it is often aloof with strangers and unknown dogs. Dalmatians have a strong hunting instinct and are an excellent exterminator of rats and vermin. In sporting, they have been used as bird dogs, trail hounds, retrievers, or in packs for wild boar or stag hunting. Their dramatic markings and intelligence have made them successful circus dogs throughout the years. Dalmatians are perhaps best known for working for firefighters for their role as firefighting apparatus escorts and firehouse mascots. Since Dalmatians and horses are very compatible, the dogs were easily trained to run in front of the carriages to help clear a path and quickly guide the horses and firefighters to the fires.[39] Dalmatians are often considered to make good watchdogs, and they may have been useful to fire brigades as guard dogs to protect a firehouse and its equipment. Fire engines used to be drawn by fast and powerful horses, a tempting target for thieves, so Dalmatians were kept in the firehouse as deterrence to theft.[39] In popular culture Dalmatian in a fire service parade Firefighting Dalmatians are associated with firefighting, particularly in the United States. In the days of horse-drawn fire engines, dogs would guard the horses, who could easily become uncomfortable at the scene of a fire.[40] Dalmatians were a popular breed for this job, due to their natural affinity to horses and history of being used as carriage dogs.[39] This role became unnecessary once horse-drawn fire engines were replaced with steam- and diesel-powered ones. Due to its history, the Dalmatian often serves as a mascot for the fire service, and is still chosen by many firefighters as a pet.[41] The Dalmatian is also the mascot of the Pi Kappa Alpha International Fraternity, which has been associated with firefighting.[citation needed] Anheuser-Busch Budweiser Clydesdale Dalmatian The Dalmatian is also associated, particularly in the United States, with Budweiser beer and the Busch Gardens theme parks, since the Anheuser-Busch company's iconic beer wagon, drawn by a team of Clydesdale horses, is always accompanied by a Dalmatian. The company maintains several teams at various locations, which tour extensively. Dalmatians were historically used by brewers to guard the wagon while the driver was making deliveries.[42] 101 Dalmatians The Dalmatian breed experienced a massive surge in popularity as a result of the 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians written by British author Dodie Smith, and later due to the two Walt Disney films based on the book. The Disney animated film,[43] released in 1961, later spawned a 1996 live-action remake, 101 Dalmatians. In the years following the release of the sequel 102 Dalmatians in 2000, the breed suffered greatly at the hands of irresponsible breeders and inexperienced owners.[citation needed] Many well-meaning enthusiasts purchased Dalmatians—often for their children—without educating themselves on the breed and the responsibilities that come with owning such a high-energy dog breed.[44][better source needed] Dalmatians were abandoned in large numbers by their original owners and left with animal shelters. As a result, Dalmatian rescue organizations sprang up to care for the unwanted dogs and find them new homes. AKC registrations of Dalmatians decreased 90% during the 2000–2010 period.[45] Lou Dog One famous Dalmatian in popular culture is Louie or "Lou Dog", the mascot of rock band Sublime. Adopted by singer Bradley Nowell in 1990 as a puppy, Lou Dog would become a central part of Sublime's image, often wandering the stage while the band was playing as well as appearing in the band's music videos. In addition, Nowell would frequently reference Louie in song lyrics, one example being in the band's most popular song “What I Got” ("...livin' with Louie Dog's the only way to stay sane".) After Nowell's death, Lou Dog was cared for by the band's manager until his death in 2001.[46] See also Dogs portal List of dog breeds Companion dog References  "Dalmatian breed standard". The Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.  "Dalmatian (dog)". thekennelclub.org.uk.  Milivoje Urošević; (2018) Basic morphometric parameters of the Dalmatian dog (Canis dalmaticus) p. 187; {Međunarodne kinološke federacije (FCI, 2017.) koja ovu pasminu svrstava u šestu grupu, grupu goniča..International Kennel Federation (FCI, 2017) which classifies this breed in the sixth group, the group of hunting dogs.} [1]  Eastern Europe : an introduction to the people, lands, and culture. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. 2005. p. 413. ISBN 1576078000.  "Fédération Cynologique Internationale Standard of Dalmatian, No. 153, dated 14 April 1999" (PDF). Fci.be. Retrieved 26 October 2011.  "Dalmatian – FCI Standard" (PDF). Retrieved 12 August 2013.  Dalmatian PetMD |access-date=2020-07-03  "American Kennel Club – Dalmatian". Akc.org. Retrieved 26 October 2011.  "Breed Faults".  Thornton, Kim Campbell. "THE DALMATIAN". Dog World 89.11 (2004): 24.  "American Kennel Club – Dalmatian". Akc.org. Retrieved 26 October 2011.  "The Dalmatian Club of America Health Survey Results: General Dog Information". The Dalmatian Club of America. Retrieved 25 July 2012.  "The Red Book: The Dalmatian Club of America's Informational brochure regarding Dalmatians". The Dalmatian Club of America. Retrieved 20 April 2011.  "The Dalmatian Club of America Health Survey Results: Health Related Conditions". The Dalmatian Club of America. Retrieved 20 April 2011.  Summary results for the purebred dog health survey for Dalmatians (PDF), The Kennel Club, archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2015, retrieved 19 September 2014  "OFA: Thyroid Statistics".  Proctor PH (1988). "Free Radicals and Human Disease". In Weber HH, Miquel J, Quintanilha AT (eds.). Handbook of free radicals and antioxidants in biomedicine. Vol. 1. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 209–21. ISBN 978-0-8493-3268-5.  Vasiliadis, Danae; Metzger, Julia; Distl, Ottmar (December 2020). "Demographic assessment of the Dalmatian dog – effective population size, linkage disequilibrium and inbreeding coefficients". Canine Medicine and Genetics. 7 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s40575-020-00082-y. PMC 7371805. PMID 32835229.  "Common Dalmatian Health Problems". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2018.  "Hip Dysplasia in Dalmatians – Dog'sHealth.com Blog". Dogshealth.com. Retrieved 2 December 2017.  Martin, S. W.; Kirby, K.; Pennock, P. W. (November 1980). "Canine Hip Dysplasia: Breed Effects". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 21 (11): 293–296. PMC 1789813. PMID 7459792.  Friedman, Meyer; Byers, Sanford O. (September 1948). "Observations concerning the causes of the excess excretion of uric acid in the dalmatian dog". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 175 (2): 727–735. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57191-X. PMID 18880769.  Simkin PA (August 2005). "The Dalmatian defect: a hepatic endocrinopathy of urate transport". Arthritis Rheum. 52 (8): 2257–62. doi:10.1002/art.21241. PMID 16052594.  Lowrey JC (March 1976). "An unusual diet-derived inflammatory dermatosis in a Dalmatian dog responds to orgotein". Vet Med Small Anim Clin. 71 (3): 289–95. PMID 1045695.  Schaible, Robert H. (April 1981). "A Dalmatian Study: The Genetic Correction of Health Problems". The AKC Gazette. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2010.  Jensen, Mary–Lynn: Dalmatian Backcross Project. Past, Present and Future. In: Spotter, Fall 2006, p. 44–46 (Journal of the Dalmatian Club of America) Online PDF 296 kB, accessed 1 September 2013.  Schaible, Robert H.: Backcross Project: Long–Standing Issues. In: Spotter, Winter 2006, p. 34 (Journal of the Dalmatian Club of America) Online PDF 34 kB, accessed 1 September 2013.  "AKC agrees to register low uric acid Dalmatians". Dog World. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.  "Registration Rules and Regulations (B Regs)". The Kennel Club. Retrieved 12 January 2010.  "Registration of a Low Uric Acid Dalmatian Import from the USA". The Kennel Club. 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2010.  "Backcross Dalmatians – The UK Dalmatian Clubs Respond". British Dalmatian Club. 2 February 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2011.  "About the Project". The Dalmatian Heritage Project. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.  "Fédération Cynologique Internationale Standard of Dalmatian, No. 153, dated 14 April 1999" (PDF). Fci.be. Retrieved 26 October 2011.  "Dalmatian – FCI Standard" (PDF). Retrieved 12 August 2013.  Roman Ozimec, Frane Strikić, Jasminka Karoglan Kontić; (2015) Tradicijske sorte i pasmine Dalmacije(Traditional varieties and breeds of Dalmatia) p 521; ISBN 978-953-7429-51-5 [2]  "FCI-Standard N° 153 – DALMATIAN (Dalmatinski pas)" (PDF). Hks.hr. Croatian Kennel Club. 30 May 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2012.  "The Kennel Club". thekennelclub.org.uk.  Schneider-Leyer, Erich; Fitch Daglish, Eric. Dogs of the World, Popular Dogs, 1964.  "Fire buffs traditions". Windsor Fire. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.  "The history of Dalmatians in the fire service". 10 February 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2018.  "Fire Dogs and Fire Horses". Publicsafety.net. Retrieved 26 October 2011.  "British Carriage Dog Society". carriagedog.org. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.  "One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)". 7 March 2008. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2011.  "With Finding Nemo, Marine Conservation Group Finds Opportunity to Spotlight Safe Harvesting Practices" (PDF). 1 November 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2005. Retrieved 26 October 2011.  "American Kennel Club – Facts and Stats". Akc.org. Retrieved 26 October 2011.[permanent dead link]  "Lou Dog stories". Ocweekly.com. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2012. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dalmatiner. Dalmatian (dog) at Curlie Deafness in Dogs: LSU & Dr. Strain Kluth, Susanne; Distl, Ottmar (4 December 2013). "Congenital Sensorineural Deafness in Dalmatian Dogs Associated with Quantitative Trait Loci". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e80642. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880642K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080642. PMC 3851758. PMID 24324618. Dalmatian-Pointer Backcross information translated to multiple languages About of Lemon Dalmatians vte Dogs originating in Croatia Croatian SheepdogDalmatianIstrian Coarse-haired HoundIstrian Shorthaired HoundOld Croatian SighthoundPosavac HoundSmall Međimurje DogTornjak Croatia Authority control: National libraries Edit this at Wikidata France (data)IsraelUnited StatesCzech Republic 101 Dalmatians (franchise) 101 Dalmatians 101 Dalmatians Logo.svg Official franchise logo Created by Dodie Smith Walt Disney Original work One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) Owner The Walt Disney Company Years 1961–present Films and television Film(s) One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) 101 Dalmatians (1996) 102 Dalmatians (2000) Cruella (2021) Television series Once Upon a Time (2014–2016)‡ Animated series 101 Dalmatians: The Series (1997–1998) 101 Dalmatian Street (2019–2020)† Television film(s) Descendants (2015)‡ Direct-to-video 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003) Games Video game(s) 101 Dalmatians Print Studio (1997) Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians (1997) 101 Dalmatians: Escape from DeVil Manor (1997) 102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue (2000) Audio Soundtrack(s) One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) Cruella (2021) † 101 Dalmatian Street had sneak peek airings in 2018 before its official debut in 2019. ‡ Work contains characters based on those from this franchise. 101 Dalmatians is an American media franchise owned by The Walt Disney Company and based on Dodie Smith's 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians. It began in 1961 with the release of the traditionally animated feature film, One Hundred and One Dalmatians. Various adaptations produced from Disney have been released over the years. Origin The source for the first film is the 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians, written by Dodie Smith. From this The Walt Disney Company developed and expanded the franchise into other media. Smith wrote a 1967 sequel, The Starlight Barking, but this has not been used as source material for any of Disney's work. Film Animation Film U.S. release date Directed by Written by Produced by One Hundred and One Dalmatians January 25, 1961 Wolfgang Reitherman, Hamilton S. Luske & Clyde Geronimi Bill Peet Walt Disney 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure January 21, 2003 Jim Kammerud & Brian Smith Screenplay by: Jim Kammerud, Brian Smith, Michael Lucker & Temple Mathews Story by: Jim Kammerud, Dan Root, Garrett K. Schiff & Brian Smith Carolyn Bates & Leslie Hough One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) Main article: One Hundred and One Dalmatians A 1961 American animated adventure comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney based on the novel by Dodie Smith. The 17th Disney animated feature film, it was originally released to theaters on January 25, 1961 by Buena Vista Distribution.[1] 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003) Main article: 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure A 2003 American direct-to-video animated adventure musical comedy-drama film produced by Disney Television Animation, and released by Walt Disney Home Entertainment on January 21, 2003. The film is the sequel to the 1961 Disney animated film One Hundred and One Dalmatians.[2] The plot involves the titular scrappy puppy who must come to the rescue of his 98 siblings, after villainous Cruella dognaps them once again. Live action Film U.S. release date Directed by Written by Produced by 101 Dalmatians November 27, 1996 Stephen Herek John Hughes John Hughes & Ricardo Mestres 102 Dalmatians November 22, 2000 Kevin Lima Screenplay by: Kristen Buckley, Brian Regan, Bob Tzudiker & Noni White Story by: Kristen Buckley & Brian Regan Edward S. Feldman Cruella May 28, 2021 Craig Gillespie Screenplay by: Dana Fox & Tony McNamara Story by: Aline Brosh McKenna, Kelly Marcel & Steve Zissis Andrew Gunn, Marc Platt & Kristin Burr Cruella 2 TBA Tony McNamara TBA 101 Dalmatians films 101 Dalmatians (1996) Main article: 101 Dalmatians (1996 film) A 1996 American live-action family comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Stephen Herek. It is the second adaptation of Dodie Smith's 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians produced by Walt Disney Pictures following the 1961 animated adventure comedy film of the same name. The film stars Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil and Jeff Daniels as Roger, the owner of the 101 dalmatians. 102 Dalmatians (2000) Main article: 102 Dalmatians A 2000 British-American live-action family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his directorial debut and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film 101 Dalmatians and stars Glenn Close reprising her role as Cruella de Vil as she attempts to steal puppies for her "grandest" fur coat yet. Among the puppies she plans to use are the children of Dipstick, a son of Pongo and Perdita. Glenn Close and Tim McInnerny were the only actors from the first film to return for the sequel. Potential third film In May 2021, Glenn Close revealed that while working on Cruella as an executive producer, she wrote a new story as a sequel to the films where she would reprise the role of Cruella de Vil. The plot would involve the character in New York City.[3] Cruella films Cruella (2021) Main article: Cruella (film) A reboot film, centered around Cruella de Vil titled Cruella, an origin story of the character, and take place during the 1970s[4] starring Emma Stone as the titular character[5] with Emma Thompson, Paul Walter Hauser, Joel Fry, Paul Walter Hauser, Mark Strong, Emily Beecham and Kirby Howell-Baptiste co-starring in surporting roles.[6][7][8][9] The film was directed by Craig Gillespie with a screenplay by Dana Fox and Tony McNamara, from a story by Aline Brosh McKenna, Kelly Marcel, and Steve Zissis.[10][11][12][13] Andrew Gunn and Marc Platt served as producers, and Glenn Close served as the executive producer.[14] Costume designer Jenny Beavan later stated that Close's role on the film's production was to help Stone appear as a younger 1970s portrayal of Close's role in 101 Dalmatians.[15] The film was scheduled to be theatrically released on December 23, 2020,[16] but was later pushed back to May 28, 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was eventually released on that date, both theatrically and on Disney+ with Premier Access.[17] Sequel Craig Gillespie and each of the film's respective stars expressed interest in a sequel that would have the style of The Godfather Part II.[18] By June 2021, a sequel was announced to be officially in development. Gillespie will return as director with a script by Tony McNamara.[19] In August 2021, Stone closed a deal to reprise her role in the sequel.[20] Additional crew and production details Film Crew/Detail Composer Cinematographer Editor Production companies Distributing companies Running time One Hundred and One Dalmatians George Bruns Roy M. Brewer, Jr. Donald Halliday Walt Disney Productions Buena Vista Distribution Company 1hr 19mins 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure Richard Gibbs Ron Price Robert S. Bichard Walt Disney Pictures Disney Video Premieres Walt Disney Television Animation Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment 1hr 10mins 101 Dalmatians Michael Kamen Adrian Biddle Trudy Ship Wizzer Productions Walt Disney Pictures Great Oaks Entertainment Buena Vista Pictures Distribution 1hr 43mins 102 Dalmatians David Newman Gregory Perler Cruella Productions Walt Disney Pictures Kanzaman S.A.M. Films Buena Vista Pictures 1hr 40mins Cruella Nicholas Britell Nicolas Karakatsanis Tatiana S. Riegel Walt Disney Pictures Gunn Films Marc Platt Productions Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures 2hrs 14mins Television series Series Season Segments Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired Network 101 Dalmatians: The Series 1 21 12 September 13, 1997 January 10, 1998 ABC 2 84 53 September 1, 1997 March 4, 1998 Syndication 101 Dalmatian Street 1 47 26 March 18, 2019 February 22, 2020 Disney Channel 101 Dalmatians: The Series (1997–1998) Main article: 101 Dalmatians: The Series An American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation in association with Jumbo Pictures. The show ran from 1997 to 1998. It is based on a combination of the 1961 original animated film, and its 1996 live-action remake. The series as a whole, follows the adventures of the numerous puppies from the Disney franchise. Three puppies in particular, Lucky, Rolly and Cadpig, are the main focus of the show along with their friend Spot, a chicken who wants to be a dog. 101 Dalmatian Street (2019–2020) Main article: 101 Dalmatian Street A British-Canadian Toon-Boom animated television comedy series, set in 21st-century London, which follows the adventures of Dylan and his sister Dolly. Dylan and Dolly are descendants of Pongo and Perdita, who protect and take care of their 97 younger siblings. After first airing sneak peeks in 2018, the series officially premiered in the UK on March 18, 2019, and concluded on February 22, 2020, after only one series. Meanwhile, in Canada, the entire series was released as a streaming television series on Disney+ on February 28, 2020. Related productions Once Upon a Time Main article: Once Upon a Time (TV series) An alternate version based on the Disney version of Cruella de Vil appears in the fourth and fifth seasons of the live-action television series Once Upon a Time, where she is portrayed by Victoria Smurfit. In the series, Cruella is a witch who possesses the power to control animals.[21] Smurfit also played other alternate version of the character in the series' penultimate episode, "Homecoming".[22] Descendants Main article: Descendants (2015 film) Cruella de Vil appears in the 2015 American live-action musical Disney Channel Original Movie Descendants, where she is portrayed by Wendy Raquel Robinson. The film's plot involves Ben, the teenage son of King Beast and Queen Belle, who invites the exiled children of defeated villains to attend a preparatory school with the heroes' children; among them is Carlos, the 14-year-old son of Cruella, whom she abuses and treats like a servant, making him sleep near the bear traps she uses to guard her fur coats. Along with other villains, Cruella has been exiled to the Isle of the Lost, where she has lived for at least 20 years. Other media Video games Math Antics with Disney's 101 Dalmatians (1996): a video game developed by Appaloosa Interactive, Disney Interactive and published by Sega on the Sega Pico. 101 Dalmatians: Activity Center (1996): Part of the Disney's Activity Center series of games released by Disney Interactive. 101 Dalmatians Print Studio (1997): Part of the Disney's Print Studio series of games released by Disney Interactive. Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians (1997): A point-and-click video game released by Disney Interactive for the PC. The game retold the plot of the 1996 live action film through an animated storybook with interactive games, and songs. 101 Dalmatians: Escape from DeVil Manor (1997): A computer game created by Disney Interactive. The game was based on the 1996 live-action movie, although the character designs were based on the original animated film. 102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue (2000): A video game based on the live-action Disney film 102 Dalmatians. The game was released on the Sega Dreamcast and Sony PlayStation. 102 Dalmatians Activity Center (2001): A part of the Disney's Activity Center series of games, released by Disney Interactive. Kingdom Hearts (2002): Pongo, Perdita, and their 99 Puppies are characters in the game. Pongo and Perdita live in a house in Traverse Town after their world was destroyed, their puppies being lost in different worlds, and the game's protagonist, Sora, having to find them in different locations. 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003): An action-adventure/platforming game based on the film of the same name. It was developed by Digital Eclipse Software, Inc. and published by Eidos Interactive for the Sony PlayStation. It was released on November 20, 2003 exclusively in North America. Disney Magic Kingdoms (2021): In a limited time Event focused on 101 Dalmatians, Pongo, Perdita, Lucky, Patch, Rolly, Penny and Cruella were included as playable characters, along with some attractions based on locations of the film. In the game, the characters are involved in new storylines that serve as a continuation of the events in the 101 Dalmatians animated film (ignoring other material in the franchise).[23] Disney Parks and Resorts One Hundred and One Dalmatians has a small presence at the Disney Parks and Resorts mainly through shops and occasional shows. Cruella is the only meetable character from the franchise and is usually located on Main Street, U.S.A. Recurring cast and characters List indicator(s) This section shows characters who will appear or have appeared in more than two films in the series. An empty, dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's official presence has not yet been confirmed.  V indicates a voice-only role.  Y indicates a younger version of the character.  S indicates an appearance as a character's singing voice. Characters Animated films Live-action films Animated series Video game One Hundred and One Dalmatians 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure 101 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians Cruella 101 Dalmatians: The Series 101 Dalmatian Street 102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue Season 1 Season 2 Animals Pongo Rod Taylor Samuel West Frank WelkerV Uncredited Dalmatian Kevin Schon Photograph   Perdita Cate Bauer Kath Soucie Pam Dawber   Lucky Mimi Gibson Ben Tibber Pamela Adlon   Debi Mae West Patch Mickey Maga Bobby Lockwood Justin Shenkarow   Rolly Barbara Baird Eli Russel Linnetz Kath Soucie   Sergeant Tibbs David Frankham Jeff Bennett Eddie Izzard Colonel J. Pat O'Malley Uncredited Old English Sheepdog Jim Cummings   Thunderbolt Silent role Barry Bostwick Frank Welker   Dipstick Uncredited Dalmatian Thom Adcox-Hernandez Jeff Bennett Waddlesworth Eric IdleV Eric Idle Humans Cruella de Vil Estella "Ella" von Hellman Betty Lou Gerson Susanne Blakeslee Glenn Close Emma Stone April Winchell Michelle Gomez Susanne Blakeslee Tipper Seifert-ClevelandY Tress MacNeille Jasper Badun J. Pat O'Malley Jeff Bennett Hugh Laurie Joel Fry Michael McKean Jeff Bennett Ziggy GardnerY Horace Badun Frederick Worlock Maurice LaMarche Mark Williams Paul Walter Hauser David L. Lander Maurice LaMarche Joseph MacDonaldY Nanny Martha Wentworth Mary MacLeod Joan Plowright Charlotte Rae   Roger Radcliffe / Dearly Ben Wright Bill LeeS Tim Bentinck Jeff Daniels Kayvan Novak Jeff Bennett   Anita Radcliffe / Dearly Anita "Tattletale" Darling Lisa Davis Jodi Benson Joely Richardson Kirby Howell-Baptiste Kath Soucie   Florisa KamaraY Alonzo Tim McInnerny   Jean-Pierre LePelt Gérard Depardieu Jess Harnell Reception For more details on the reception of each film, see the "Reception" section on each film's article. Box office and financial performance Film Box office gross Box office ranking Worldwide video sales Worldwide gross income Budget Ref. North America Other territories Worldwide All time worldwide North America One Hundred and One Dalmatians $302,698,419 $301,581 $303,000,000 #365 #11,972 $88,120,888 $391,120,888 $3,300,000 [24][25][26] 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure — — — — — Information not publicly available 101 Dalmatians $136,189,294 $168,010,706 $304,200,000 #447 #556 Information not publicly available >$304,200,000 $75,000,000 [27][28] 102 Dalmatians $66,957,026 $116,654,745 $183,611,771 #1,239 #2,302 Information not publicly available >$183,611,771 $85,000,000 [29][30] Cruella $86,103,234 $142,914,031 $226,892,470 #729 #897 — $226,892,470 $100,000,000 [31][32] Critical and public response Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic CinemaScore[33] One Hundred and One Dalmatians 98% (52 reviews)[34] 83/100 (10 reviews)[35] B+ 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure 67% (6 reviews)[36] — — 101 Dalmatians 41% (37 reviews)[37] 49/100 (20 reviews)[38] A 102 Dalmatians 31% (92 reviews)[39] 35/100 (24 reviews)[40] B+ Cruella 74% (373 reviews)[41] 60/100 (24 reviews)[42] A References  Gebert, Michael (1996). The Encyclopedia of Movie Awards. St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-668-05308-9.  "101 Dalmatians II Patch's London Adventure (2003)". British Film Institute. Retrieved May 18, 2020.  Malkin, Marc (May 5, 2021). "Glenn Close Talks Wanting to Play Cruella Again and Her New Jazz Album (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved May 25, 2021.  Kit, Borys (December 14, 2016). "Disney's Live-Action 'Cruella' Finds Director". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 14, 2016.  Takeda, Allison (April 26, 2016). "Emma Stone as Cruella de Vil and More Live-Action Fairy-Tale News From Disney". Us Magazine. Retrieved June 10, 2016.  "Emma Thompson in Talks to Join Emma Stone in Disney's 'Cruella' (EXCLUSIVE)". variety.com. May 14, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.  Kroll, Justin (August 7, 2019). "Disney's 'Cruella' Casts Joel Fry as Jasper (EXCLUSIVE)".  Wiseman, Andreas (September 20, 2019). "'Cruella': Cannes Best Actress Winner Emily Beecham Joins Disney Live-Action Prequel With Emma Stone".  Kroll, Justin (September 24, 2019). "'Cruella' Adds 'Killing Eve's' Kirby Howell-Baptiste Opposite Emma Stone (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 24, 2019.  Fleming, Mike Jr. (December 4, 2018). "Craig Gillespie In Talks To Direct Emma Stone In 'Cruella'". Deadline.com. Retrieved December 5, 2018.  Borys, Kit (January 6, 2016). "Emma Stone in Talks to Play Cruella de Vil for Disney (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 22, 2016.  "Disney is making a live-action Cruella de Vil movie". Entertainment Weekly. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.  "'Richard Jewell' Star Paul Walter Hauser Joins Disney's Live-Action 'Cruella'". variety.com. July 29, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.  Kit, Borys (2011-11-17). "Disney Preps Live-Action Cruella de Vil Film (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2013-10-02.  Radish, Christina (May 3, 2021). "'Cruella' Costume Designer Jenny Beavan Explains How She Made Pre-Dalmatian Fashion for the Disney Prequel". Collider. Retrieved May 25, 2021.  Adalessandro, Anthony (May 7, 2019). "Disney-Fox Updates Release Schedule: Sets Three Untitled 'Star Wars' Movies, 'Avatar' Franchise To Kick Off In 2021 & More". Deadline. Retrieved May 12, 2019.  D'Alessandro, Anthony (August 20, 2019). "Amy Adams 'Woman In The Window' Will Now Open In Early Summer, 'Cruella' Moves To 2021". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 20, 2019.  Rotten Tomatoes Staff (May 24, 2021). "Emma Stone and Emma Thompson are in for a Godfather II-style Cruella Sequel". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 25, 2021.  Kit, Borys & Aaron Couch (June 4, 2021). "'Cruella' Sequel in the Works at Disney (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 4, 2021.  D'Alessandro, Anthony (August 13, 2021). "Emma Stone Locks Down Deal For 'Cruella' Sequel". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 2021-08-13. Retrieved August 14, 2021.  Abrams, Natalie (November 19, 2014). "Once Upon a Time casts Alias vet Merrin Dungey". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 19, 2014.  Mitovich, Matt Webb (March 16, 2018). "Once Upon a Time: Sean Maguire, JoAnna Garcia and Robbie Kay Among Farewell Run's 9 Returns". TVLine. Retrieved October 31, 2021.  "Update 52: 101 Dalmatians | Livestream". YouTube. August 20, 2021.  D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 27, 2003). "Cartoon Coffers – Top-Grossing Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide B.O.". Variety. p. 6.  "101 Dalmatians (1961) – Financial Information". The Numbers.  Thomas, Bob (April 22, 1994). Walt Disney: An American Original (2nd ed.). Disney Editions. p. 295. ISBN 978-0786860272.  "101 Dalmatians". PowerGrid. Archived from the original on March 27, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2013.  "101 Dalmatians (1996) – Financial Information". The Numbers.  "102 Dalmatians (2000) – Financial Information". The Numbers.  "102 Dalmatians". Box Office Mojo.  "Cruella (2021) – Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved 2022-05-24.  "All Time Worldwide Box Office". The Numbers. Retrieved 2022-05-24.  "CinemaScore". CinemaScore. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2022.  "One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)". Rotten Tomatoes.  "101 Dalmatians". Metacritic.  "101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003)". Rotten Tomatoes.  "101 Dalmatians (1996)". Rotten Tomatoes.  "101 Dalmatians". Metacritic.  "102 Dalmatians (2000)". Rotten Tomatoes.  "102 Dalmatians". Metacritic.  "Cruella (2021)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 30, 2021.  "Cruella Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved May 29, 2021. vte Dodie Smith's The Hundred and One Dalmatians Books The Hundred and One Dalmatians (1956)The Starlight Barking (1967) 101 Dalmatians (Disney franchise) Animated films One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) soundtrack101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (2003) Animated series 101 Dalmatians: The Series (1997–1998)101 Dalmatian Street (2019–2020) Live-action films 101 Dalmatians (1996)102 Dalmatians (2000)Cruella (2021) soundtrack Video games Disney's 101 Dalmatians Print Studio (1997)Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians (1997)101 Dalmatians: Escape from DeVil Manor (1997)102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue (2000) Others Once Upon a Time Sympathy for the De Vilseason 4season 5Kingdom Hearts (2002)Descendants franchise Descendants [2015]Disney Magic Kingdoms (2021)Disney Mirrorverse (2022) Musicals 2009 musical2022 musical Characters Cruella de Vil101 Dalmatian Street characters vte Walt Disney Animation Studios List of feature films 1930s–1940s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)Pinocchio (1940)Fantasia (1940)Dumbo (1941)Bambi (1942)Saludos Amigos (1942)The Three Caballeros (1944)Make Mine Music (1946)Fun and Fancy Free (1947)Melody Time (1948)The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949) 1950s–1960s Cinderella (1950)Alice in Wonderland (1951)Peter Pan (1953)Lady and the Tramp (1955)Sleeping Beauty (1959)One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)The Sword in the Stone (1963)The Jungle Book (1967) 1970s–1980s The Aristocats (1970)Robin Hood (1973)The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)The Rescuers (1977)The Fox and the Hound (1981)The Black Cauldron (1985)The Great Mouse Detective (1986)Oliver & Company (1988)The Little Mermaid (1989) 1990s–2000s The Rescuers Down Under (1990)Beauty and the Beast (1991)Aladdin (1992)The Lion King (1994)Pocahontas (1995)The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)Hercules (1997)Mulan (1998)Tarzan (1999)Fantasia 2000 (1999)Dinosaur (2000)The Emperor's New Groove (2000)Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)Lilo & Stitch (2002)Treasure Planet (2002)Brother Bear (2003)Home on the Range (2004)Chicken Little (2005)Meet the Robinsons (2007)Bolt (2008)The Princess and the Frog (2009) 2010s–2020s Tangled (2010)Winnie the Pooh (2011)Wreck-It Ralph (2012)Frozen (2013)Big Hero 6 (2014)Zootopia (2016)Moana (2016)Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018)Frozen II (2019)Raya and the Last Dragon (2021)Encanto (2021)Strange World (2022) Upcoming Wish (2023) Associated productions The Reluctant Dragon (1941)Victory Through Air Power (1943)Song of the South (1946)So Dear to My Heart (1948)Mary Poppins (1964)Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)Pete's Dragon (1977)Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)Enchanted (2007)Mary Poppins Returns (2018)Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (2022)Disenchanted (2022) Television series 2020s Baymax! (2022)Zootopia+ (2022)Iwájú (2023)Tiana (2024)Moana (2024) People Executives Edwin CatmullRoy ConliRoy E. DisneyWalt DisneyDon HahnJeffrey KatzenbergJohn LasseterJennifer LeePeter SchneiderThomas SchumacherDavid StaintonClark Spencer Disney Legends animators Disney's Nine Old Men Les ClarkMarc DavisOllie JohnstonMilt KahlWard KimballEric LarsonJohn LounsberyWolfgang ReithermanFrank Thomas James AlgarKen AndersonXavier AtencioArt BabbittGrace BaileyCarl BarksMary BlairJoyce CarlsonMarge ChampionClaude CoatsDon DaGradiVirginia DavisAndreas DejaNorm FergusonEyvind EarleClyde GeronimiManuel GonzalesFloyd GottfredsonYale GraceyJoe GrantDavid HandJack HannahJohn HenchDick HuemerUb IwerksWilfred JacksonSteve JobsBill JusticeGlen KeaneHamilton LuskeBurny MattinsonFred MooreFloyd NormanBill PeetWalter PeregoyJoe RanftRetta ScottBen SharpsteenMel ShawRuthie TompsonRoy WilliamsTyrus Wong Related topics History Disney animators' strike1982 animators' strikeDisney Renaissance Methods and technologies 12 basic principles of animationXerographyComputer Animation Production SystemDisney Animation: The Illusion of LifeMultiplane camera Documentaries Frank and Ollie (1995)The Sweatbox (2002)Dream On Silly Dreamer (2005)Waking Sleeping Beauty (2009) Other Disney animation units Disney Television AnimationLucasfilm AnimationMarvel AnimationPixar Animation Studios20th Century AnimationBlue Sky Studios (defunct)Disneytoon Studios (defunct)Circle 7 (defunct)DiC Entertainment (divested) Miscellaneous Alice ComediesLaugh-O-Gram StudioList of Walt Disney Animation Studios short filmsList of Disney theatrical animated features unproducedlive-action remakesList of Disney animated films based on fairy talesOswald the Lucky RabbitMickey Mouse (film series)Silly SymphoniesAcademy Award ReviewHouse of MouseKingdom Hearts seriesOnce Upon a TimeDescendants franchise vte Disney franchises and series Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Animation Studios 101 DalmatiansAladdinAlice in WonderlandAtlantisBeauty and the BeastCinderellaThe Emperor's New GrooveFantasiaFrozenHerculesThe Hunchback of Notre DameThe Jungle BookLilo & StitchThe Lion KingThe Little MermaidMickey MouseMulanPeter PanPocahontasSleeping BeautySilly SymphonySnow WhiteTangledTarzanWinnie the PoohWreck-It Ralph Walt Disney Pictures† Air BudBeverly Hills ChihuahuaThe Chronicles of NarniaDexter RileyFlubberHerbieHoney, I Shrunk the KidsInspector GadgetMaleficentThe Mighty DucksThe MuppetsNational TreasureThe Parent TrapPirates of the CaribbeanThe Santa ClauseThe Shaggy DogSister ActTronTurner & HoochWho Framed Roger RabbitWitch Mountain Pixar CarsFinding NemoThe IncrediblesInside OutMonsters, Inc.Toy Story Disneytoon Studios Tinker Bell Marvel Studios Marvel Cinematic UniverseSpider-ManX-Men Lucasfilm Indiana JonesStar Wars 20th Century Studios‡ Alien NationAlienAlien vs. PredatorAlvin and the ChipmunksAvatarBehind Enemy LinesCheaper by the Dozen§Diary of a Wimpy Kid§Die HardFireflyThe FlyHome AloneIce Age§Independence DayKingsmanMaze RunnerNight at the Museum§The OmenPercy JacksonPlanet of the ApesPredatorRevenge of the NerdsX-Men Walt Disney Television Disney Channel The Cheetah GirlsDescendantsHalloweentownHigh School Musical FX Networks American Story 20th Television BuffyverseFireflyM*A*S*HThe Walking DeadThe X-Files 20th TVA Family GuyThe Simpsons Disney Parks, Experiences and Products Pirates of the Caribbean Disney Consumer Products Disney Fairies Tinker BellDisney PrincessDisney Tsum TsumDisney VillainsMarvel UniverseMickey Mouse & Friends Donald DuckThe Muppets Disney Publishing Worldwide A Twisted TaleKingdom KeepersW.I.T.C.H. Disney Games Marvel Games HulkMarvel vs. CapcomPunisherSpider-ManX-MenPirates of the Caribbean video gamesThe Simpsons video gamesStar Wars video games BattlefrontKnights of the Old RepublicLegoRogue SquadronClub PenguinDisney InfinityDisney's Activity CenterDisney's Animated StorybookDisney's Magical QuestDisney's Print StudioIllusionThe Incredible MachineKingdom HeartsMonkey IslandSpectrobesTap Tap † Includes Touchstone Pictures and Hollywood Pictures‡ Includes Searchlight Pictures, 20th Century Animation, and related assets§ Shared with Walt Disney Pictures Dog Temporal range: 0.0142–0 Ma  PreꞒꞒOSDCPTJKPgN Late Pleistocene to present[1] Conservation status Domesticated Scientific classificationedit Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: C. familiaris Binomial name Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758[2] Synonyms[3] List C. aegyptius Linnaeus, 1758 C. alco C. E. H. Smith, 1839, C. americanus Gmelin, 1792 C. anglicus Gmelin, 1792 C. antarcticus Gmelin, 1792 C. aprinus Gmelin, 1792 C. aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 C. aquatilis Gmelin, 1792 C. avicularis Gmelin, 1792 C. borealis C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. brevipilis Gmelin, 1792 C. cursorius Gmelin, 1792 C. domesticus Linnaeus, 1758 C. extrarius Gmelin, 1792 C. ferus C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. fricator Gmelin, 1792 C. fricatrix Linnaeus, 1758 C. fuillus Gmelin, 1792 C. gallicus Gmelin, 1792 C. glaucus C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. graius Linnaeus, 1758 C. grajus Gmelin, 1792 C. hagenbecki Krumbiegel, 1950 C. haitensis C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. hibernicus Gmelin, 1792 C. hirsutus Gmelin, 1792 C. hybridus Gmelin, 1792 C. islandicus Gmelin, 1792 C. italicus Gmelin, 1792 C. laniarius Gmelin, 1792 C. leoninus Gmelin, 1792 C. leporarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. lupus familiaris Linnaeus,1758 C. major Gmelin, 1792 C. mastinus Linnaeus, 1758 C. melitacus Gmelin, 1792 C. melitaeus Linnaeus, 1758 C. minor Gmelin, 1792 C. molossus Gmelin, 1792 C. mustelinus Linnaeus, 1758 C. obesus Gmelin, 1792 C. orientalis Gmelin, 1792 C. pacificus C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. plancus Gmelin, 1792 C. pomeranus Gmelin, 1792 C. sagaces C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. sanguinarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. sagax Linnaeus, 1758 C. scoticus Gmelin, 1792 C. sibiricus Gmelin, 1792 C. suillus C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. terraenovae C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. terrarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. turcicus Gmelin, 1792 C. urcani C. E. H. Smith, 1839 C. variegatus Gmelin, 1792 C. venaticus Gmelin, 1792 C. vertegus Gmelin, 1792 The dog (Canis familiaris[4][5] or Canis lupus familiaris[5]) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf,[6][7] and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative.[8] Dogs were the first species to be domesticated[9][8] by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago[7] before the development of agriculture.[1] Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals[10] and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.[11] The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.[12] Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the human-canine bond has been a topic of frequent study.[13] This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend".[14] Taxonomy Further information: Canis lupus dingo § Taxonomic debate – the domestic dog, dingo, and New Guinea singing dog In 1758, the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus published in his Systema Naturae, the two-word naming of species (binomial nomenclature). Canis is the Latin word meaning "dog",[15] and under this genus, he listed the domestic dog, the wolf, and the golden jackal. He classified the domestic dog as Canis familiaris and, on the next page, classified the grey wolf as Canis lupus.[2] Linnaeus considered the dog to be a separate species from the wolf because of its upturning tail (cauda recurvata), which is not found in any other canid.[16] In 1999, a study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicated that the domestic dog may have originated from the grey wolf, with the dingo and New Guinea singing dog breeds having developed at a time when human communities were more isolated from each other.[17] In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World published in 2005, the mammalogist W. Christopher Wozencraft listed under the wolf Canis lupus its wild subspecies and proposed two additional subspecies, which formed the domestic dog clade: familiaris, as named by Linnaeus in 1758 and, dingo named by Meyer in 1793. Wozencraft included hallstromi (the New Guinea singing dog) as another name (junior synonym) for the dingo. Wozencraft referred to the mtDNA study as one of the guides informing his decision.[3] Mammalogists have noted the inclusion of familiaris and dingo together under the "domestic dog" clade[18] with some debating it.[19] In 2019, a workshop hosted by the IUCN/Species Survival Commission's Canid Specialist Group considered the dingo and the New Guinea singing dog to be feral Canis familiaris and therefore did not assess them for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[4] Evolution Main article: Evolution of the wolf Location of a dog's carnassials; the inside of the 4th upper premolar aligns with the outside of the 1st lower molar, working like scissor blades The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event occurred 65 million years ago and brought an end to the non-avian dinosaurs and the appearance of the first carnivorans.[20] The name carnivoran is given to a member of the order Carnivora. Carnivorans possess a common arrangement of teeth called carnassials, in which the first lower molar and the last upper premolar possess blade-like enamel crowns that act similar to a pair of shears for cutting meat. This dental arrangement has been modified by adaptation over the past 60 million years for diets composed of meat, for crushing vegetation, or for the loss of the carnassial function altogether as in seals, sea lions, and walruses. Today, not all carnivorans are carnivores, such as the insect-eating aardwolf.[5] The carnivoran ancestors of the dog-like caniforms and the cat-like feliforms began their separate evolutionary paths just after the end of the dinosaurs. The first members of the dog family Canidae appeared 40 million years ago,[21] of which only its subfamily the Caninae survives today in the form of the wolf-like and fox-like canines. Within the Caninae, the first members of genus Canis appeared six million years ago,[15] the ancestors of modern domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, and golden jackals. Domestication Main article: Domestication of the dog The earliest remains generally accepted to be those of a domesticated dog were discovered in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany. Contextual, isotopic, genetic, and morphological evidence shows that this dog was not a local wolf.[22] The dog was dated to 14,223 years ago and was found buried along with a man and a woman, all three having been sprayed with red hematite powder and buried under large, thick basalt blocks. The dog had died of canine distemper.[23] Earlier remains dating back to 30,000 years ago have been described as Paleolithic dogs, but their status as dogs or wolves remains debated[24] because considerable morphological diversity existed among wolves during the Late Pleistocene.[1] This timing indicates that the dog was the first species to be domesticated[9][8] in the time of hunter–gatherers,[7] which predates agriculture.[1] DNA sequences show that all ancient and modern dogs share a common ancestry and descended from an ancient, extinct wolf population which was distinct from the modern wolf lineage.[6][7] Most dogs form a sister group to the remains of a Late Pleistocene wolf found in the Kessleroch cave near Thayngen in the canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland, which dates to 14,500 years ago. The most recent common ancestor of both is estimated to be from 32,100 years ago.[25] This indicates that an extinct Late Pleistocene wolf may have been the ancestor of the dog,[8][1][26] with the modern wolf being the dog's nearest living relative.[8] The dog is a classic example of a domestic animal that likely travelled a commensal pathway into domestication.[24][27] The questions of when and where dogs were first domesticated have taxed geneticists and archaeologists for decades.[9] Genetic studies suggest a domestication process commencing over 25,000 years ago, in one or several wolf populations in either Europe, the high Arctic, or eastern Asia.[10] In 2021, a literature review of the current evidence infers that the dog was domesticated in Siberia 23,000 years ago by ancient North Siberians, then later dispersed eastward into the Americas and westward across Eurasia.[22] Breeds Main article: Dog breed Further information: Dog type Dog breeds show a range of phenotypic variation Dogs are the most variable mammal on earth with around 450 globally recognized dog breeds.[10] In the Victorian era, directed human selection developed the modern dog breeds, which resulted in a vast range of phenotypes.[8] Most breeds were derived from small numbers of founders within the last 200 years,[8][10] and since then dogs have undergone rapid phenotypic change and were formed into today's modern breeds due to artificial selection imposed by humans. The skull, body, and limb proportions vary significantly between breeds, with dogs displaying more phenotypic diversity than can be found within the entire order of carnivores. These breeds possess distinct traits related to morphology, which include body size, skull shape, tail phenotype, fur type and colour.[8] Their behavioural traits include guarding, herding, and hunting,[8] retrieving, and scent detection. Their personality traits include hypersocial behavior, boldness, and aggression,[10] which demonstrates the functional and behavioral diversity of dogs.[8] As a result, present day dogs are the most abundant carnivore species and are dispersed around the world.[10] The most striking example of this dispersal is that of the numerous modern breeds of European lineage during the Victorian era.[7] Bangladeshi Dog Biology Anatomy Main article: Dog anatomy Skeleton A lateral view of a dog skeleton All healthy dogs, regardless of their size and type, have an identical skeletal structure with the exception of the number of bones in the tail, although there is significant skeletal variation between dogs of different types.[28][29] The dog's skeleton is well adapted for running; the vertebrae on the neck and back have extensions for powerful back muscles to connect to, the long ribs provide plenty of room for the heart and lungs, and the shoulders are unattached to the skeleton allowing great flexibility.[28][29] Compared to the dog's wolf-like ancestors, selective breeding since domestication has seen the dog's skeleton greatly enhanced in size for larger types as mastiffs and miniaturised for smaller types such as terriers; dwarfism has been selectively utilised for some types where short legs are advantageous such as dachshunds and corgis.[29] Most dogs naturally have 26 vertebrae in their tails, but some with naturally short tails have as few as three.[28] The dog's skull has identical components regardless of breed type, but there is significant divergence in terms of skull shape between types.[29][30] The three basic skull shapes are the elongated dolichocephalic type as seen in sighthounds, the intermediate mesocephalic or mesaticephalic type, and the very short and broad brachycephalic type exemplified by mastiff type skulls.[29][30] Senses Further information: Dog anatomy § Senses A dog's senses include vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and sensitivity to Earth's magnetic field. Another study has suggested that dogs can see Earth's magnetic field.[31] Coat Main article: Dog coat Dogs display wide variation in coat type, density, length, color, and composition The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being familiar with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. Breeds may have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or underside.[32] Premature graying can occur in dogs from as early as one year of age; this is associated with impulsive behaviors, anxiety behaviors, fear of noise, and fear of unfamiliar people or animals.[33] Tail There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or corkscrew. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be crucial in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. Health Main article: Dog health Some breeds of dogs are prone to specific genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two severe medical conditions significantly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all breeds and ages, and Gastric dilatation volvulus (bloat), which affects larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, mites, hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms, which is a roundworm species that lives in the hearts of dogs. Several human foods and household ingestible are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids, causing theobromine poisoning, onions and garlic, causing thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning, grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, and xylitol.[34] The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous to dogs. Signs of ingestion can include copious vomiting (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other symptoms are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death.[35][page needed] Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis. Lifespan Further information: Aging in dogs The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most, the median longevity (the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive) ranges from 10 to 13 years.[36][37] The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged.[36][37][38] For dogs in England, increased body weight has been found to be negatively correlated with longevity (i.e., the heavier the dog, the shorter its lifespan), and mixed-breed dogs live on average 1.2 years longer than purebred dogs.[39] Reproduction Main article: Canine reproduction A female dog nursing newborn puppies. In domestic dogs, sexual maturity happens around six months to one year for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds, and is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles semiannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will become estrous, mentally and physically receptive to copulation. Because the ova survive and can be fertilized for a week after ovulation, more than one male can sire the same litter.[12] Fertilization typically occurs two to five days after ovulation; 14–16 days after ovulation, the embryo attaches to the uterus and after seven to eight more days, a heartbeat is detectable.[40][41] Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization,[12][42] with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies.[43] Neutering Neutering is the sterilization of animals, usually by removing the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of dogs' overpopulation in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may later be euthanized.[44] According to the Humane Society of the United States, three to four million dogs and cats are euthanized each year.[45] Many more are confined to cages in shelters because there are many more animals than there are homes. Spaying or castrating dogs helps keep overpopulation down.[46] Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs.[47] Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop cancers affecting the mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs.[48][page needed] However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs[49] and prostate cancer in males[50] and osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, cruciate ligament rupture, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in either sex.[51] Inbreeding depression A common breeding practice for pet dogs is mating between close relatives (e.g., between half and full siblings).[52] Inbreeding depression is considered to be due mainly to the expression of homozygous deleterious recessive mutations.[53] Outcrossing between unrelated individuals, including dogs of different breeds, results in the beneficial masking of deleterious recessive mutations in progeny.[54] In a study of seven dog breeds (the Bernese Mountain Dog, Basset Hound, Cairn Terrier, Brittany, German Shepherd Dog, Leonberger, and West Highland White Terrier), it was found that inbreeding decreases litter size and survival.[55] Another analysis of data on 42,855 Dachshund litters found that as the inbreeding coefficient increased, litter size decreased and the percentage of stillborn puppies increased, thus indicating inbreeding depression.[56] In a study of Boxer litters, 22% of puppies died before reaching 7 weeks of age. Stillbirth was the most frequent cause of death, followed by infection. Mortality due to infection increased significantly with increases in inbreeding.[57] Behavior Main article: Dog behavior See also: Dog behavior § Behavior compared with other canids Dog swimming over to catch a ball, pay attention to the leg and tail movements Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and external stimuli.[58] As the oldest domesticated species, dogs' minds inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with humans. As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans more than any other species and they are uniquely attuned to human behaviors.[13] Behavioral scientists have uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in domestic dogs. These abilities are not possessed by the dog's closest canine relatives or other highly intelligent mammals, such as great apes, but rather parallel to children's social-cognitive skills.[59] Unlike other domestic species selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.[60][61] In 2016, a study found that only 11 fixed genes showed variation between wolves and dogs.[62] These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to affect the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response[61][63] (i.e., selection for tameness) and emotional processing.[61] Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared with wolves.[61][64] Some of these genes have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds, indicating their importance in both the initial domestication and later in breed formation.[61] Traits of high sociability and lack of fear in dogs may include genetic modifications related to Williams-Beuren syndrome in humans, which cause hypersociability at the expense of problem-solving ability.[65] Intelligence Main article: Dog intelligence Dog intelligence is the dog's ability to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Studies of two dogs suggest that dogs can learn by inference and have advanced memory skills. A study with Rico, a Border Collie, showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel things by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those new items immediately and four weeks after the initial exposure. A study of another Border Collie, Chaser, documented his learning and memory capabilities. He had learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words.[66] Dogs can read and react appropriately to human body language such as gesturing and pointing and human voice commands. One study of canine cognitive abilities found that dogs' capabilities are no more exceptional than those of other animals, such as horses, chimpanzees, or cats.[67] One limited study of 18 household dogs found that they lacked spatial memory, and were more focussed on the "what" of a task rather than the "where".[68] Dogs demonstrate a theory of mind by engaging in deception.[69] An experimental study showed compelling evidence that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans.[70] Another study revealed that after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs faced with an unsolvable version of the same problem look at the human, while socialized wolves do not.[71] Communication Main article: Dog communication Dog sounds 0:15 A dog making noises and barking Problems playing this file? See media help. Dog communication is how dogs convey information to other dogs, understand messages from humans and translate the information that dogs are transmitting.[72]: xii  Communication behaviors of dogs include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs), and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones, and taste). Humans communicate to dogs by using vocalization, hand signals, and body posture. Ecology Population The dog is probably the most widely abundant large carnivoran living in the human environment.[73][74] In 2013, the estimated global dog population was between 700 million[75] and 987 million.[76] About 20% of dogs live as pets in developed countries.[77] In the developing world, dogs are typically feral or communally owned, with pet dogs uncommon. Most of these dogs live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common response when approached by strangers is to run away (52%) or respond aggressively (11%).[78] Little is known about these dogs, or the dogs in developed countries that are feral, strays, or are in shelters because the great majority of modern research on dog cognition has focused on pet dogs living in human homes.[79] Competitors and predators Although dogs are the most abundant and widely distributed terrestrial carnivores, feral and free-ranging dogs' potential to compete with other large carnivores is limited by their strong association with humans.[73] For example, a review of the studies in dogs' competitive effects on sympatric carnivores did not mention any research on competition between dogs and wolves.[80][81] Although wolves are known to kill dogs, they tend to live in pairs or in small packs in areas where they are highly persecuted, giving them a disadvantage facing large dog groups.[80][82] Wolves kill dogs wherever they are found together.[83] In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed.[84] Although the numbers of dogs killed each year are relatively low, it induces a fear of wolves entering villages and farmyards to take dogs and losses of dogs to wolves have led to demands for more liberal wolf hunting regulations.[80] Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. In particular, leopards are known to have a preference for dogs and have been recorded to kill and consume them, no matter what their size.[85] Siberian tigers in the Amur River region have killed dogs in the middle of villages. This indicates that the dogs were targeted. Amur tigers will not tolerate wolves as competitors within their territories, and the tigers could be considering dogs in the same way.[86] Striped hyenas are known to kill dogs in their range.[87] Diet See also: Dog food A Golden Retriever gnawing on a pig's foot Dogs have been described as omnivores.[12][88][89] Compared to wolves, dogs from agricultural societies have extra copies of amylase and other genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet.[11] Similar to humans, some dog breeds produce amylase in their saliva and are classified as having a high starch diet.[90] However, more like cats and less like other omnivores, dogs can only produce bile acid with taurine and they cannot produce vitamin D, which they obtain from animal flesh. Also more like cats, dogs require arginine to maintain its nitrogen balance. These nutritional requirements place dogs halfway between carnivores and omnivores.[91] Range As a domesticated or semi-domesticated animal, the dog is nearly universal among human societies. Notable exceptions once included: The Aboriginal Tasmanians, who were separated from Australia before the arrival of dingos on that continent The Andamanese peoples, who were isolated when rising sea levels covered the land bridge to Myanmar The Fuegians, who instead domesticated the Fuegian dog, a different canid species Individual Pacific islands whose maritime settlers did not bring dogs, or where dogs died out after original settlement, notably the Mariana Islands,[92] Palau[93] and most of the Caroline Islands with exceptions such as Fais Island and Nukuoro,[94] the Marshall Islands,[95] the Gilbert Islands,[95] New Caledonia,[96] Vanuatu,[96][97] Tonga,[97] Marquesas,[97] Mangaia in the Cook Islands, Rapa Iti in French Polynesia, Easter Island,[97] the Chatham Islands[98] and Pitcairn Island (settled by the Bounty mutineers, who killed off their dogs to escape discovery by passing ships).[99] Dogs were introduced to Antarctica as sled dogs, but were later outlawed by international agreement due to the possible risk of spreading infections.[100] Roles with humans Domestic dogs inherited complex behaviors, such as bite inhibition, from their wolf ancestors, which would have been pack hunters with a complex body language. These sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication may account for their trainability, playfulness and ability to fit into human households and social situations. These attributes have given dogs a relationship with humans that has enabled them to become one of the most successful animals today.[101] The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship and aiding disabled individuals. This influence on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.[102][103] Pets Siberian Huskies are pack animals that still enjoy some human companionship It is estimated that three-quarters of the world's dog population lives in the developing world as feral, village, or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon.[104][page needed] "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs"[105] and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history.[14] Pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased.[14] In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today[106] (the expression "in the doghouse" - recorded since 1932[107] - to describe exclusion from the group implies a distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the pet dog's role, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians.[108][page needed] People and their dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives[109][page needed] to the point where pet dogs actively shape how a family and home are experienced.[110] There have been two significant trends occurring within the second half of the 20th century in pet dogs' changing status. The first has been "commodification", shaping it to conform to social expectations of personality and behavior.[110] The second has been the broadening of the family's concept and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices.[110] A vast range of commodity forms aims to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion.[111] The list of goods, services, and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches and dog hotels, airlines and cemeteries.[111] Dog training books, classes, and television programs proliferated as the process of commodifying the pet dog continued.[112] The majority of contemporary dog owners describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog-human family as a pack.[110] Some dog trainers, such as on the television program Dog Whisperer, have promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships. However, it has been disputed that "trying to achieve status" is characteristic of dog-human interactions.[113] The idea of the "alpha dog" trying to be dominant is based on a disproved theory about wolf packs.[114][115] Pet dogs play an active role in family life; for example, a study of conversations in dog-human families showed how family members use the dog as a resource, talking to the dog, or talking through the dog; to mediate their interactions with each other.[116] Increasingly, human family-members engage in activities centered on the dog's perceived needs and interests, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga.[111] According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, an estimated 77.5 million people in the United States have pet dogs.[117] The same source shows that nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs and nearly 9% more than two dogs. There does not seem to be any gender preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of male and female pet dogs. Although several programs promote pet adoption, less than one-fifth of the owned dogs come from shelters.[117] A study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare humans and dogs showed that dogs have the same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans do. This gives dogs the ability to recognize human emotional sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.[118] Workers Dogs have lived and worked with humans in many roles. In addition to dogs' role as companion animals, dogs have been bred for herding livestock (collies, sheepdogs),[119][page needed][12] hunting (hounds, pointers)[120][page needed] and rodent control (terriers).[12] Other types of working dogs include search and rescue dogs,[121] detection dogs trained to detect illicit drugs[122] or chemical weapons;[123] guard dogs; dogs who assist fishermen with the use of nets; and dogs that pull loads.[12] In 1957, the dog Laika became the first animal to be launched into Earth orbit, aboard the Soviets' Sputnik 2; she died during the flight.[124][125] Various kinds of service dogs and assistance dogs, including guide dogs, hearing dogs, mobility assistance dogs and psychiatric service dogs, assist individuals with disabilities.[126][127] Some dogs owned by people with epilepsy have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well in advance of onset, allowing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care.[128] Athletes and models See also: Conformation show People often enter their dogs in competitions, such as breed-conformation shows or sports, including racing, sledding and agility competitions. In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the dog's externally observable qualities (such as appearance, movement and temperament), separately tested qualities (such as ability or health) are not part of the judging in conformation shows. Food Main article: Dog meat Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea,[129][page needed] China,[102] Vietnam[103] and the Philippines,[130] which dates back to antiquity.[131] Based on limited data, it is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year.[132] In China, debates have ensued over banning the consumption of dog meat.[133] Following the Sui and Tang dynasties of the first millennium, however, people living on northern China's plains began to eschew eating dogs, which is likely due to Buddhism and Islam's spread, two religions that forbade the consumption of certain animals, including the dog. As members of the upper classes shunned dog meat, it gradually became a social taboo to eat it, even though the general population continued to consume it for centuries afterward.[citation needed] Dog meat is also consumed in some parts of Switzerland.[134] Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Dog fat is also reportedly believed to be beneficial for the lungs in some parts of Poland[135][136] and Central Asia.[137][138] Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is Western hypocrisy and that there is no difference in eating different animals' meat.[139][140][141][142] In Korea, the primary dog breed raised for meat, the Nureongi, differs from those breeds raised for pets that Koreans may keep in their homes.[143] The most popular Korean dog dish is called bosintang, a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months. Followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or the body's vital energy. A 19th-century version of bosintang explains that the dish is prepared by boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder. Variations of the dish contain chicken and bamboo shoots. While the dishes are still prevalent in Korea with a segment of the population, dog is not as widely consumed as beef, pork and chicken.[143] Health risks Further information: Dog bite, Canine vector-borne disease, and Dog bite prevention In 2018, the WHO reported that 59,000 people died globally from rabies, with 59.6% in Asia and 36.4% in Africa. Rabies is a disease for which dogs are the most important vector.[144] Significant dog bites affect tens of millions of people globally each year. Children in mid-to-late childhood are the largest percentage bitten by dogs, with a greater risk of injury to the head and neck. They are more likely to need medical treatment and have the highest death rate.[145] Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections.[146] In the U.S., cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year.[147] It has been estimated that around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in U.K. hospitals are domestic accidents. The same study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles.[148] Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected.[149] Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision.[150] Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans.[151][152] Health benefits Walking a dog Dogs suffer from the same common disorders as humans; these include cancer, diabetes, heart disease and neurologic disorders. Their pathology is similar to humans, as is their response to treatment and their outcomes. Researchers are identifying the genes associated with dog diseases similar to human disorders, but lack mouse models to find cures for both dogs and humans. The genes involved in canine obsessive-compulsive disorders led to the detection of four genes in humans' related pathways.[10] The scientific evidence is mixed as to whether a dog's companionship can enhance human physical health and psychological well-being.[153] Studies suggesting that there are benefits to physical health and psychological well-being[154] have been criticized for being poorly controlled.[155] It found that "the health of elderly people is related to their health habits and social supports but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal." Earlier studies have shown that people who keep pet dogs or cats exhibit better mental and physical health than those who do not, making fewer visits to the doctor and being less likely to be on medication than non-guardians.[156] A 2005 paper states "recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people. Research has, however, pointed to significantly less absenteeism from school through sickness among children who live with pets."[153] In one study, new guardians reported a highly significant reduction in minor health problems during the first month following pet acquisition. This effect was sustained in those with dogs through to the end of the study.[157] People with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets. The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behavior and that for guardians of dogs, these effects are relatively long-term.[157] Pet guardianship has also been associated with increased coronary artery disease survival. Human guardians are significantly less likely to die within one year of an acute myocardial infarction than those who did not own dogs.[158] The association between dog ownership and adult physical activity levels has been reviewed by several authors.[159][160] The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in a pet dog's presence, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral and psychological indicators of anxiety.[161] Other health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimulating microorganisms, which can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases according to the hygiene hypothesis. The benefits of contact with a dog also include social support, as dogs cannot only provide companionship and social support themselves but also act as facilitators of social interactions between humans.[162] One study indicated that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when accompanied by a dog than when they are not.[163] In 2015, a study found that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood than non-pet owners.[164] Using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders.[165] Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing, among people with Alzheimer's disease.[166] One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared with those not in an animal-assisted program.[167] Cultural importance Main articles: Cultural depictions of dogs and Dogs in religion Further information: List of fictional dogs Cerberus, with the gluttons in Dante's Third Circle of Hell. William Blake. Dogs were depicted to symbolize guidance, protection, loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness, alertness, and love.[168] In ancient Mesopotamia, from the Old Babylonian period until the Neo-Babylonian, dogs were the symbol of Ninisina, the goddess of healing and medicine,[169] and her worshippers frequently dedicated small models of seated dogs to her.[169] In the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods, dogs were used as emblems of magical protection.[169] In China, Korea and Japan, dogs are viewed as kind protectors.[170] In mythology, dogs often serve as pets or as watchdogs.[170] Stories of dogs guarding the gates of the underworld recur throughout Indo-European mythologies[171][172] and may originate from Proto-Indo-European religion.[171][172] In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed, dragon-tailed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades.[170] Dogs are also associated with the Greek goddess Hecate.[173] In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim.[170] In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge.[170] In Welsh mythology, Annwn is guarded by Cŵn Annwn.[170] In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death, owns two watchdogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka.[174] A black dog is also considered to be the vahana (vehicle) of Bhairava (an incarnation of Shiva).[175] In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness.[170] Within the Roman Catholic denomination specifically, the iconography of Saint Dominic includes a dog, after the saint's mother dreamt of a dog springing from her womb and becoming pregnant shortly after that.[176] As such, the Dominican Order (Ecclesiastical Latin: Domini canis) means "dog of the Lord" or "hound of the Lord" (Ecclesiastical Latin: Domini canis).[176] In Christian folklore, a church grim often takes the form of a black dog to guard Christian churches and their churchyards from sacrilege.[177] Jewish law does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets. Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves and make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them.[citation needed] The view on dogs in Islam is mixed, with some schools of thought viewing it as unclean,[170] although Khaled Abou El Fadl states that this view is based on "pre-Islamic Arab mythology" and "a tradition to be falsely attributed to the Prophet."[178] Therefore, Sunni Malaki and Hanafi jurists permit the trade of and keeping of dogs as pets.[179] Terminology Dog – the species (or subspecies) as a whole, also any male member of the same.[180] Bitch – any female member of the species (or subspecies).[181] Puppy or pup – a young member of the species (or subspecies) under 12 months old.[182] Sire – the male parent of a litter.[182] Dam – the female parent of a litter.[182] Litter – all of the puppies resulting from a single whelping.[182] Whelping – the act of a bitch giving birth.[182] Whelps – puppies still dependent upon their dam.[182] See also Cat–dog relationship Cynanthropy Dognapping Domesticated silver fox Lists of dogs List of individual dogs Dogs portal Mammals portal References  Thalmann, Olaf; Perri, Angela R. 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(2008). Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia University Press, New York. pp. 1–232. ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0. OCLC 502410693. Smith, Bradley, ed. (2015). The Dingo Debate: Origins, Behaviour and Conservation. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. ISBN 978-1-4863-0030-3. Boitani, Luigi; Mech, L. David (2003). Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-226-51696-7. OCLC 904338888. External links Dog at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Taxa from Wikispecies Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography for Canis lupus familiaris Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) – World Canine Organisation Dogs in the Ancient World, an article on the history of dogs View the dog genome Archived 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine on Ensembl Genome of Canis lupus familiaris (version UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0/canFam4), via UCSC Genome Browser Data of the genome of Canis lupus familiaris, via NCBI Data of the genome assembly of Canis lupus familiaris (version UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0/canFam4), via NCBI vte Dogs Types African village dogsFeral dogs Pye-dogsStreet dogsHairless dogsHerding dogs Livestock guardian dogsHunting dogs Curs FeistsLurchersGun dogs PointersRetrieversSettersSpanielsWater dogsHounds Scenthounds BassetsCoonhoundsFoxhoundsSighthounds LongdogsTerriers Bull-type terriersPinschersSchnauzersMastiffs BulldogsSpitz HuskiesLaikasTugousToy dogs BichonsTurnspit dogs Breeds List of breedsList of crossbreedsMixed-breed dogsCrossbreedsExtinct breedsMost popular Roles Assistance dogs Autism dogsGuide dogsHearing dogsMedical response dogs Seizure dogsMobility assistance dogsTherapy dogs Psychiatric service dogsAttack dogsBay dogsCarriage dogsCatch dogsCompanion dogsDetection dogsFighting dogsGuard dogsLap dogsMeat dogsMercy dogsPet dogsPolice dogsSearch and rescue dogsSled dogsWar dogs Behavior Communication BarkingHowlingHuman–canine bondIntelligenceDog–cat relationship Human–dog interaction Animal testingBaitingBreed-specific legislationDog biteDog fightingDog parkDog showHuman–canine bondDog sportsDog walkingDog daycareDog groomingTherapyFear of dogsDog licenceDog meatDog food dog biscuit2007 recallsDogs in religionDogs in spaceOrigin of the domestic dog Health Aging (Longest living individual dogs)AnatomyBreedingCoatConformationDiseasesDog foodOdorRabies in animalsReproductionSkin disordersVaccination Training ClickerCrate trainingTrainingHousebreakingSocialization Related List of individual dogsList of fictional dogs  Category Portal vte Extant Carnivora species Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaInfraclass: EutheriaSuperorder: Laurasiatheria Suborder Feliformia Nandiniidae Nandinia African palm civet (N. binotata) Herpestidae (Mongooses) Atilax Marsh mongoose (A. paludinosus) Bdeogale Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda)Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni)Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes) Crossarchus Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri)Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei)Common kusimanse (C. obscurus)Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus) Cynictis Yellow mongoose (C. penicillata) Dologale Pousargues's mongoose (D. dybowskii) Helogale Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula)Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula) Herpestes Angolan slender mongoose (H. flavescens)Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon)Somalian slender mongoose (H. ochracea)Cape gray mongoose (H. pulverulenta)Common slender mongoose (H. sanguinea) Ichneumia White-tailed mongoose (I. albicauda) Liberiictus Liberian mongoose (L. kuhni) Mungos Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus)Banded mongoose (M. mungo) Paracynictis Selous's mongoose (P. selousi) Rhynchogale Meller's mongoose (R. melleri) Suricata Meerkat (S. suricatta) Urva Small Indian mongoose (U. auropunctata)Short-tailed mongoose (U. brachyura)Indian grey mongoose (U. edwardsii)Indian brown mongoose (U. fusca)Javan mongoose (U. javanica)Collared mongoose (U. semitorquata)Ruddy mongoose (U. smithii)Crab-eating mongoose (U. urva)Stripe-necked mongoose (U. vitticolla) Xenogale Long-nosed mongoose (X. naso) Hyaenidae (Hyenas) Crocuta Spotted hyena (C. crocuta) Hyaena Striped hyena (H. hyaena) Parahyaena Brown hyena (P. brunnea) Proteles Aardwolf (P. cristata) Felidae Large family listed below Viverridae Large family listed below Eupleridae Small family listed below Family Felidae Felinae Acinonyx Cheetah (A. jubatus) Caracal African golden cat (C. aurata)Caracal (C. caracal) Catopuma Bay cat (C. badia)Asian golden cat (C. temminckii) Felis Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)Domestic cat (F. catus)Jungle cat (F. chaus)African wildcat (F. lybica)Sand cat (F. margarita)Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)European wildcat (F. silvestris) Herpailurus Jaguarundi (H. yagouaroundi) Leopardus Pampas cat (L. colocola)Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi)Kodkod (L. guigna)Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus)Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita)Ocelot (L. pardalis)Oncilla (L. tigrinus)Margay (L. wiedii) Leptailurus Serval (L. serval) Lynx Canada lynx (L. canadensis)Eurasian lynx (L. lynx)Iberian lynx (L. pardinus)Bobcat (L. rufus) Otocolobus Pallas's cat (O. manul) Pardofelis Marbled cat (P. marmorata) Prionailurus Leopard cat (P. bengalensis)Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis)Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps)Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus)Fishing cat (P. viverrinus) Puma Cougar (P. concolor) Pantherinae Panthera Lion (P. leo)Jaguar (P. onca)Leopard (P. pardus)Tiger (P. tigris)Snow leopard (P. uncia) Neofelis Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa) Prionodontidae Prionodon Banded linsang (P. linsang)Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor) Family Viverridae Paradoxurinae Arctictis Binturong (A. binturong) Arctogalidia Small-toothed palm civet (A. trivirgata) Macrogalidia Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii) Paguma Masked palm civet (P. larvata) Paradoxurus Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus)Brown palm civet (P. jerdoni)Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis) Hemigalinae Chrotogale Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni) Cynogale Otter civet (C. bennettii) Diplogale Hose's palm civet (D. hosei) Hemigalus Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus) Viverrinae Civettictis African civet (C. civetta) Viverra Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina)Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila)Malayan civet (V. tangalunga)Large Indian civet (V. zibetha) Viverricula Small Indian civet (V. indica) Genettinae Genetta (Genets) Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica)Angolan genet (G. angolensis)Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni)Crested servaline genet (G. cristata)Common genet (G. genetta)Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni)Letaba genet (G. letabae)Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)Pardine genet (G. pardina)Aquatic genet (G. piscivora)King genet (G. poensis)Servaline genet (G. servalina)Hausa genet (G. thierryi)Cape genet (G. tigrina)Giant forest genet (G. victoriae) Poiana Central African oyan (P. richardsonii)West African oyan (P. leightoni) Family Eupleridae Euplerinae Cryptoprocta Fossa (C. ferox) Eupleres Eastern falanouc (E. goudotii)Western falanouc (E. major) Fossa Malagasy civet (F. fossana) Galidiinae Galidia Ring-tailed vontsira (G. elegans) Galidictis Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata)Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri) Mungotictis Narrow-striped mongoose (M. decemlineata) Salanoia Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor)Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli) Suborder Caniformia (cont. below) Ursidae (Bears) Ailuropoda Giant panda (A. melanoleuca) Helarctos Sun bear (H. malayanus) Melursus Sloth bear (M. ursinus) Tremarctos Spectacled bear (T. ornatus) Ursus American black bear (U. americanus)Brown bear (U. arctos)Polar bear (U. maritimus)Asian black bear (U. thibetanus) Mephitidae (Skunks) Conepatus (Hog-nosed skunks) Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga)American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus)Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus) Mephitis Hooded skunk (M. macroura)Striped skunk (M. mephitis) Mydaus Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis)Palawan stink badger (M. marchei) Spilogale (Spotted skunks) Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons)Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis)Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius)Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea) Procyonidae (Raccoons, coatis, olingos) Bassaricyon (Olingos) Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni)Northern olingo (B. gabbii)Western lowland olingo (B. medius)Olinguito (B. neblina) Bassariscus Ringtail (B. astutus)Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti) Nasua (Coatis inclusive) White-nosed coati (N. narica)South American coati (N. nasua) Nasuella (Coatis inclusive) Western mountain coati (N. olivacea) Potos Kinkajou (P. flavus) Procyon Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus)Raccoon (P. lotor)Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus) Ailuridae Ailurus Red panda (A. fulgens) Suborder Caniformia (cont. above) Otariidae (Eared seals) (includes fur seals and sea lions) (Pinniped inclusive) Arctocephalus South American fur seal (A. australis)Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri)Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis)Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella)Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii)Brown fur seal (A. pusillus)Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi)Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis) Callorhinus Northern fur seal (C. ursinus) Eumetopias Steller sea lion (E. jubatus) Neophoca Australian sea lion (N. cinerea) Otaria South American sea lion (O. flavescens) Phocarctos New Zealand sea lion (P. hookeri) Zalophus California sea lion (Z. californianus)Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki) Odobenidae (Pinniped inclusive) Odobenus Walrus (O. rosmarus) Phocidae (Earless seals) (Pinniped inclusive) Cystophora Hooded seal (C. cristata) Erignathus Bearded seal (E. barbatus) Halichoerus Grey seal (H. grypus) Histriophoca Ribbon seal (H. fasciata) Hydrurga Leopard seal (H. leptonyx) Leptonychotes Weddell seal (L. weddellii) Lobodon Crabeater seal (L. carcinophagus) Mirounga (Elephant seals) Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris)Southern elephant seal (M. leonina) Monachus Mediterranean monk seal (M. monachus) Neomonachus Hawaiian monk seal (N. schauinslandi) Ommatophoca Ross seal (O. rossi) Pagophilus Harp seal (P. groenlandicus) Phoca Spotted seal (P. largha)Harbor seal (P. vitulina) Pusa Caspian seal (P. caspica)Ringed seal (P. hispida)Baikal seal (P. sibirica) Canidae Large family listed below Mustelidae Large family listed below Family Canidae (includes dogs) Atelocynus Short-eared dog (A. microtis) Canis Golden jackal (C. aureus)Domestic dog (C. familiaris)Coyote (C. latrans)African wolf (C. lupaster)Wolf (C. lupus)Eastern wolf (C. lycaon)Red wolf (C. rufus)Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis) Cerdocyon Crab-eating fox (C. thous) Chrysocyon Maned wolf (C. brachyurus) Cuon Dhole (C. alpinus) Lupulella Side-striped jackal (L. adustus)Black-backed jackal (L. mesomelas) Lycalopex Culpeo (L. culpaeus)Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes)South American gray fox (L. griseus)Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus)Sechuran fox (L. sechurae)Hoary fox (L. vetulus) Lycaon African wild dog (L. pictus) Nyctereutes Common raccoon dog (N. procyonoides)Japanese raccoon dog (N. viverrinus) Otocyon Bat-eared fox (O. megalotis) Speothos Bush dog (S. venaticus) Urocyon Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus)Island fox (U. littoralis) Vulpes (Foxes) Bengal fox (V. bengalensis)Blanford's fox (V. cana)Cape fox (V. chama)Corsac fox (V. corsac)Tibetan fox (V. ferrilata)Arctic fox (V. lagopus)Kit fox (V. macrotis)Pale fox (V. pallida)Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli)Swift fox (V. velox)Red fox (V. vulpes)Fennec fox (V. zerda) Family Mustelidae vte Extant gray wolf subspecies Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: CarnivoraFamily: CanidaeGenus: CanisSpecies: lupus Old World subspecies Tundra wolf (C. l. albus)Arabian wolf (C. l. arabs)Steppe wolf (C. l. campestris)Mongolian wolf (C. l. chanco)Himalayan wolf (C. l. chanco)Dingo (C. l. dingo)Domestic dog (C. l. familiaris or C. familiaris)Eurasian wolf (C. l. lupus)Indian wolf (C. l. pallipes) New World subspecies Arctic wolf (C. l. arctos)Mexican wolf (C. l. baileyi)British Columbian wolf (C. l. columbianus)Vancouver Coastal Sea wolf (C. l. crassodon)Hudson Bay wolf (C. l. hudsonicus)Northern Rocky Mountain wolf (C. l. irremotus)Labrador wolf (C. l. labradorius)Alexander Archipelago wolf (C. l. ligoni)Eastern wolf (C. l. lycaon)Mackenzie River wolf (C. l. mackenzii)Baffin Island wolf (C. l. manningi)Northwestern wolf (C. l. occidentalis)Greenland wolf (C. l. orion)Alaskan Interior wolf (C. l. pambasileus)Red wolf (C. l. rufus) (taxonomy disputed)Alaskan tundra wolf (C. l. tundrarum) Taxon identifiers 50 most popular dog breeds in the world 2022 Dogs are often thought to be the most popular pet in the world (ranking ahead of cats, fish and birds). Within the very broad category of dogs, there are some dog breeds that are more popular than others.  Our favorite dog breeds are usually influenced by our own experiences – for example, the breed we had as a childhood pet, or a dog we forged a particularly strong bond with. Others have gained in popularity due to their prominence in television programs or movies. There are literally hundreds of dog breeds – the American Kennel Club recognizes 197 of them, and since 1991, the Labrador Retriever has been the most registered dog in each annual list of published registrations. However, what if instead of just focusing on the United States, we tried to discover the most popular dog breed in the world? Our Methodology Not every country publishes dog breed registration statistics like the AKC, so determining the most popular dog breed in the world is not an easy task. To help us, we turned to Google Trends. Google Trends allows you to compare the popularity of search terms against one another. In our case, we were able to find out which dog breeds are the most searched for – and by this metric, the most popular dog breed in the world.  The period covered by our analysis included Google searches performed between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2021. For each dog breed on the list, we have added a few extra details. You may recall that we carried out similar research in 2019 (see the 2019 list of most popular dog breeds). The ‘Previous Rank’ number shows where the breed ranked in that research, and shows which dog breeds are becoming more (or less) popular. The AKC Rank shows where the breed ranked in number of registrations on the 2020 American Kennel Club list. This allows you to draw an easy comparison between how popular each breed is in the United States, compared with the world as a whole. The ‘countries/regions most popular in’ shows you where each dog breed was most searched for (please note that this is weighted, and shows which countries have a higher proportion of all queries – not a higher absolute number of searches). The Top 50 Most Popular Dog Breeds In The World for 2022 (based on Google Trends data) 50) Basset Hound Previous Rank: 47 (-3) AKC Rank: 36 Countries/regions most popular in: United States, Brazil, United Kingdom Originally bred in central European countries like Belgium and France, the Basset Hound is renowned for its distinctive dome-shaped head, the fact that its feet turn outwards, and a very powerful nose. basset hound 49) English Mastiff Previous Rank: 27 (-22) AKC Rank: 33 Countries/regions most popular in: Trinidad & Tobago, United States, Australia English Mastiffs (often referred to simply as a Mastiff) are one of the largest dog breeds in the world – their weight is often comparable to many adults. 48) Collie Previous Rank: New Entry AKC Rank: 40 Countries/regions most popular in: Ireland, Czech Republic, Slovakia One of the most recognizable breeds due to the prominence of Lassie in books, movies and TV shows, the Collie is a herding breed which makes a fantastic family pet. 47) Akita Previous Rank: 25 (-22) AKC Rank: 48 Countries/regions most popular in: Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro Akitas originated in the snowy, mountainous areas of northern Japan. Around the world, many countries recognize the two types of Akita (Akita Inu and American Akita) as two separate breeds; however, in the United States, the AKC considers them as one breed with different strains. akita 46) Alaskan Malamute Previous Rank: 41 (-5) AKC Rank: 65 Countries/regions most popular in: Slovenia, Croatia, Panama Incredibly strong and durable, Alaskan Malamutes were historically used for several purposes – including to hunt bears and seals, and to help transport goods across the treacherous terrain of Alaska. boston terrier 45) Boston Terrier Previous Rank: 45 (no change) AKC Rank: 21 Countries/regions most popular in: Puerto Rico, Slovenia, Canada Nicknamed ‘The American Gentleman’, the Boston Terrier is a gentle breed which is most notable for its distinctive black and white ‘tuxedo’ appearance. 44) Tibetan Mastiff Previous Rank: New Entry AKC Rank: 140 Countries/regions most popular in: Poland, Bulgaria, Latvia The Tibetan Mastiff is not technically a mastiff (in the same way that Tibetan Spaniels are not spaniels, and Tibetan Terriers are not terriers). Instead, the name was coined by Europeans who came to Tibet and referred to virtually all large dog breeds as mastiffs. In 2014, a Tibetan Mastiff puppy sold for almost $2 million in China – believed to be a record. 43) Bichon Frise Previous Rank: 43 (no change) AKC Rank: 45 Countries/regions most popular in: Ireland, United Kingdom, Norway Gentle, kind and loving, the Bichon Frise is a sociable dog whose European ancestors were actually used as retrievers or water dogs. 42) Dogo Argentino Previous Rank: New Entry AKC Rank: 93 Countries/regions most popular in: Bolivia, Argentina, Guatemala The Dogo Argentino is one the most recently recognized breeds by the American Kennel Club, joining the list in 2020. These dogs are pack-hunters, demonstrating the perfect mixture of strength, speed and endurance to hunt wild boars and pumas. 41) Samoyed Previous Rank: 36 (-5) AKC Rank: 56 Countries/regions most popular in: Bosnia & Herzegovina, Poland, Serbia A medium-sized herding dog with a thick, white, double-layer coat, the Samoyed takes its name from the Samoyedic peoples of Siberia. They were traditionally used for herding reindeer and hauling sleds. samoyed running in the snow 40) English Pointer Previous Rank: New Entry AKC Rank: 116 Countries/regions most popular in: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary Pointers are typically regarded as one of the foremost hunting dogs, although they were bred to point (hence the name), not retrieve. It is believed they descended from the now-extinct Old Spanish Pointer, but after arriving in England in the early 1700s, they were crossed with local breeds to improve their hunting capability. 39) Australian Cattle Dog Previous Rank: 40 (+1) AKC Rank: 54 Countries/regions most popular in: Australia, Costa Rica, United States The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD) is a herding breed which was developed in Australia for moving livestock over long distances. Cattle Dogs are energetic, lively working dogs, and become very protective over their owners and their possessions. st bernard dog 38) St. Bernard Previous Rank: 34 (-4) AKC Rank: 52 Countries/regions most popular in: Chile, Guatemala, Paraguay Famous for their size, gentle disposition, and numerous tales of Alpine rescue, the St. Bernard was originally bred for rescue work in the Alps. If socialized, this breed is extremely friendly with people of all ages, but in rare cases, they can become fearful or territorial.  37) Greyhound Previous Rank: 32 (-5) AKC Rank: 142 Countries/regions most popular in: Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia Almost certainly the fastest dog breed in the world, the Greyhound is tall, muscular and built for speed. Although still frequently used for racing, the breed has become popular in recent years as a family pet. Visit Our Online Store All of your dog training essentials in one place! Shop Now 36) Bernese Mountain Dog Previous Rank: 35 (-1) AKC Rank: 52 Countries/regions most popular in: Ireland, Poland, Canada A mountain dog breed, the Bernese Mountain Dog is one of the four types of Sennenhund-type dogs (along with the Greater Swiss Mountain Dog, the Appenzeller Mountain Dog and the Entlebucher Mountain Dog). Bernese Mountain Dogs originate from the Swiss city of Bern. They have a distinctive tri-colored coat and were typically used as a multi-purpose farm dog. 35) Dalmatian Previous Rank: 37 (+2) AKC Rank: 51 Countries/regions most popular in: Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, United Kingdom The Dalmatian experienced a wave of popularity in the 1990s, as Disney released a live-action remake of the 1961 animated film, 101 Dalmatians (which in itself was based on the 1956 novel by Dodie Smith). Their origins as a hunting dog can be traced to modern-day Croatia and the historical region of Dalmatia. 34) American Staffordshire Terrier Previous Rank: 31 (-3) AKC Rank: 82 Countries/regions most popular in: Czech Republic, Serbia, Montenegro American Staffies made their way into the United States in the 1850s, and were notorious for their dog fighting skills. Strong and confident, American Staffordshire Terriers do have a similar appearance to Pit Bull Terriers, but they are two different breeds. They are named after the Staffordshire region of England, where the breed originated. american staffordshire terrier 33) Miniature Schnauzer Previous Rank: New Entry AKC Rank: 19 Countries/regions most popular in: Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico The most popular of the Schnauzer varieties, the Miniature Schnauzer was developed in the mid-19th century by farmers who wished to breed a smaller dog for ratting. As their coats shed minimally compared to many other breeds, they are often referred to as a hypoallergenic dog breed. 32) Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Previous Rank: 46 (+14) AKC Rank: 17 Countries/regions most popular in: Czech Republic, Denmark, Australia Good-natured with a friendly disposition, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel requires plenty of human interaction. The breed was brought to the United States as recently as 1956 and was only recognized by the AKC in 1995. 31) Miniature Pinscher Previous Rank: 39 (+8) AKC Rank: 77 Countries/regions most popular in: Colombia, Brazil, Bulgaria Assertive, outgoing and active, Min Pins are a stubborn breed who can be difficult to train for the inexperienced dog owner. They need constant physical and mental stimulation to help prevent destructive behavior. staffordshire bull terrier running in the grass 30) Staffordshire Bull Terrier Previous Rank: 33 (+3) AKC Rank: 81 Countries/regions most popular in: Australia, United Kingdom, Czech Republic Broad-chested and deceptively strong, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier was first recognized by the AKC in 1936. Sadly, they were used in blood sports for much of their early years, but they are loyal creatures and can make great family pets. 29) Chow Chow Previous Rank: 28 (-1) AKC Rank: 84 Countries/regions most popular in: Paraguay, Nicaragua, Georgia Chow Chows are distinguished by their purple/blue tongue, setting them apart from virtually every other breed. Often suspicious of strangers, the Chow Chow is extremely protective of their owners and possessions. chow chow 28) Bull Terrier Previous Rank: 29 (+1) AKC Rank: 64 Countries/regions most popular in: Norway, Costa Rica, Denmark Recognizable by their egg-shaped head, the Bull Terrier is often described as independent and stubborn, which can make them difficult for novice dog owners. Early socialization can help to mitigate any future behavioral issues. 27) Belgian Sheepdog Previous Rank: New Entry AKC Rank: 117 Countries/regions most popular in: Sri Lanka, Trinidad & Tobago, North Macedonia The Belgian Sheepdog is bred in four distinct varieties; the Groenendael, the Malinois, the Tervuren and the Laekenois. In addition to their historical role as a herding dog, the modern-day Belgian Shepherd can be used for many purposes, including as police dogs, assistance dogs or search and rescue dogs. Become a Dog Trainer Our School for Dog Trainers offers everything you need to be successful! 6, 8 & 12 Week Obedience & Behaviorist Programs 24-Week Master Dog Trainer Program 26) Great Dane Previous Rank: 24 (-2) AKC Rank: 15 Countries/regions most popular in: Puerto Rico, United States, Slovakia With their noble appearance, tremendous size and floppy triangular ears, the Great Dane is one of the most recognizable dog breeds. Despite their size, Great Danes are usually passive and often referred to as a gentle giant. 25) Jack Russell Terrier Previous Rank: 26 (+1) AKC Rank: 72 Countries/regions most popular in: Ireland, Belarus, Poland Jack Russells are small hunting dogs, seen in a range of coat types and markings. They were first bred by the Reverend John Russell in the 1800s. Russell was a founding member of the Kennel Club in the United Kingdom. 24) Pembroke Welsh Corgi Previous Rank: 19 (-5) AKC Rank: 11 Countries/regions most popular in: Finland, United States, Philippines Beloved by Queen Elizabeth II – who has owned more than 30 Royal corgis in her reign – corgis are actually listed as ‘vulnerable’ in the United Kingdom due to their falling popularity. By contrast, their popularity has been increasing in the United States. boxer dog crouching in the grass 23) Boxer Previous Rank: 11 (-12) AKC Rank: 14 Countries/regions most popular in: Guatemala, Hungary, Paraguay The Boxer is an assertive dog of German origin. They are extremely versatile – in addition to their use as family pets, a Boxer can also be found as a police dog, a guard dog, and even a service dog. 22) English Cocker Spaniel Previous Rank: 42 (+20) AKC Rank: 30 Countries/regions most popular in: United Kingdom, Ireland, Panama The English Cocker Spaniel is a sporting dog commonly used as a gun dog. At the annual Crufts dog show, the English Cocker Spaniel has emerged as Best In Show on a record seven occasions (1930, 1931, 1938, 1939, 1948, 1950 and 1996). 21) Shiba Inu Previous Rank: 18 (-3) AKC Rank: 43 Countries/regions most popular in: Iran, Japan, Paraguay Alert and agile, the Shiba Inu lived in the mountainous areas of the Chubu region in Japan. In the late 1920s, the breed was almost rendered extinct until hunters and intellectuals decided to protect the remaining Shiba. Quality, Reliable Service Dogs Offering fully-trained service dogs to help those in need Learn More 20) Cane Corso Previous Rank: 30 (+10) AKC Rank: 25 Countries/regions most popular in: Mauritius, Georgia, Serbia With its intimidating presence, the Cane Corso is often used to protect livestock or as a protection dog. It is very similar to its Italian cousin, the Neapolitan Mastiff. 19) Maltese Previous Rank: 20 (+1) AKC Rank: 38 Countries/regions most popular in: Serbia, Poland, El Salvador Despite the seemingly obvious connotations from its name, the Maltese actually has no connection with the Mediterranean island of Malta. This toy breed was recognized by the AKC in 1888 and is kept as a companion dog. maltese dog 18) Border Collie Previous Rank: 23 (+5) AKC Rank: 32 Countries/regions most popular in: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Australia Border Collies are renowned for their intelligence and athleticism. They have been used to herd sheep since the late nineteenth century, and often compete in dog sports like agility, obedience and flyball. 17) Beagle Previous Rank: 16 (-1) AKC Rank: 7 Countries/regions most popular in: Costa Rica, Georgia, Serbia The word ‘beagle’ was used as far back as medieval times as a generic description for smaller hounds. The modern breed was developed in the 1830s in England. Beagles are known for having one of the best senses of smell of any dog – they are frequently used in hunting activities. doberman running through water 16) Dobermann Previous Rank: 21 (+5) AKC Rank: 18 Countries/regions most popular in: Costa Rica, Serbia, Georgia Known as the Doberman Pinscher in North America, this medium-large breed was developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a German tax collector. Dobermann wanted a dog that could protect him, and it is believed the Doberman was created from a combination of several breeds. The breed has a reputation for being ferocious and intimidating. 15) Rottweiler Previous Rank: 17 (+2) AKC Rank: 8 Countries/regions most popular in: Sri Lanka, Honduras, El Salvador Another breed originating in Germany, the Rottweiler is considered to be one of the oldest breeds. Their ability to intimidate and control made them a great candidate for their original purpose – herding. These days, Rottweilers are often seen working as law enforcement K9s or protection dogs. 14) Australian Shepherd Previous Rank: 22 (+8) AKC Rank: 12 Countries/regions most popular in: Australia, France, Belgium Don’t be fooled by the name – or the fact that they are popular in Australia – the Australian Shepherd did not originate Down Under. Instead, the breed was developed in California – but was used to herd sheep imported from Australia and New Zealand. Australian Shepherds are known for their playful nature and range of colorations and coat patterns. 13) Yorkshire Terrier Previous Rank: 12 (-1) AKC Rank: 13 Countries/regions most popular in: Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria This sprightly toy breed originated in the English county of Yorkshire, where it is believed they were used to flush out rats. Yorkshire Terriers were introduced to North America in 1872 and first registered with the AKC thirteen years later. Their coat requires constant maintenance and grooming; if not brushed daily, it may become knotted and difficult to untangle. 12) Dachshund Previous Rank: 13 (+1) AKC Rank: 10 Countries/regions most popular in: Hungary, United Kingdom, Australia Dachshunds are sometimes referred to as sausage dogs, owing to their long, narrow frame. The breed was developed to trail and hunt animals (such as badgers), and includes elements of German, French and English hounds and terriers. Due to their association with Germany, the mascot for the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in Munich was a dachshund named Waldi. Waldi was the first official Olympic mascot. running dachshunds 11) Shih Tzu Previous Rank: 14 (+3) AKC Rank: 20 Countries/regions most popular in: Philippines, Brazil, Poland Known for their short snout, large round eyes and silky coat, the Shih Tzu originated in Tibet. The name comes from the Chinese word for ‘lion’, as the breed was originally bred to resemble the lion as depicted in traditional art. It is theorized that the Shih Tzu was descended from a cross between the Pekingese and Lhasa Apso. Shih Tzus were so loved by Chinese rulers that, for some time, they actually refused to allow the dogs to leave the country. Dog Training Services Offering trusted dog training at locations across the United States since 2006 Find A Dog Trainer In Your Area 10) Pug pug running in the grass Previous Rank: 5 (-5) AKC Rank: 29 Countries/regions most popular in: Mexico, Chile, Guatemala The largest of the toy breeds, the Pug is easily recognized around the world for their bulging eyes and curly tales. They are a distinctive wrinkly dog breed. Originally bred to be a companion dog for Chinese royalty, the Pug spent much of its early years living in luxury. They were imported to Europe in the 1500s, where they continued to prove popular in royal circles. This trend continued further during Queen Victoria’s reign (1837-1901), who favored apricot and fawn colorings on her Pugs.  Pugs were recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1885. They are typically very sociable dogs and make great family pets. Unfortunately, Pugs are prone to several health problems because of their unusual structure, compact breathing passageways, and shorter snouts. It can also be difficult for Pugs to keep themselves cool in hot conditions. The breed also requires frequent exercise and a healthy diet to stave off obesity. 9) Pomeranian pretty pomeranian sitting in the grass Previous Rank: 10 (+1) AKC Rank: 23 Countries/regions most popular in: Sri Lanka, Iran, Bulgaria Named after the Pomerania area which splits Poland and Germany, the Pomeranian is a descendant of larger Spitz type dogs. Their coats have an array of different colors – black, cream, brown, orange, red, or any mixture of these colors. The modern-day Pom is heavily influenced by the British Royal Family. Queen Charlotte brought two Pomeranians to England in 1767, although that version of the breed weighed approximately ten times what a 2022 Pomeranian might weigh (1767 = 35-50lbs; 2022 = 3-7 lbs). During the lifetime of Queen Victoria, she worked to reduce the breed in size from the typical 40-50 pound range to accommodate her preference for a smaller dog. By importing Poms from across the world, not only did she achieve her goal of making the breed smaller, but it also resulted in a diverse range of colorings which we see in Pomeranians today. The modern Pomeranian is commonly used as a household pet. They are affectionate towards their owners, and thrive on attention. In their quest to be alongside their family at every turn, Pomeranians can occasionally suffer from separation anxiety. 8) Chihuahua chihuahua puppies Previous Rank: 8 (no change) AKC Rank: 34 Countries/regions most popular in: Mexico, Guatemala, Puerto Rico A small dog breed, the Chihuahua’s name is derived from the Mexican state of the same name. The breed remains extremely popular in Latin America. The Chihuahua can either be short-haired or long-haired. It is believed that the dog was descended from the larger Techichi breed, which was favored by the Toltec civilization in Mexico. When the Aztecs conquered the Toltecs in the twelfth century, they refined the Techichi into the smaller, more compact Chihuahua we are familiar with today.   As with other smaller breeds, Chihuahuas can require lots of veterinary help in the early months of their life. They can be born with moleras (a soft spot on the skull), but these fill in as they get older. Their small size makes them vulnerable to attacks from larger dogs or other animals. Typically, a Chihuahua makes a good companion dog and will be better suited to apartment living. 7) French Bulldog two french bulldogs playing with tennis ball Previous Rank: 9 (+2) AKC Rank: 2 Countries/regions most popular in: United Kingdom, Puerto Rico, Serbia The French Bulldog frequently ranks near the top of most-registered dog lists around the globe. In 2020 registration lists in both the United States and the United Kingdom, the Frenchie was in second place.  The breed has its origins in the United Kingdom. They were often used in blood sports, until these were outlawed in 1835. When lace workers in Nottingham, England were displaced by the Industrial Revolution, they moved to France – bringing their bulldogs with them. As the nineteenth century progressed, the French gained an affinity for these dogs. This coincided with English breeders sending Bulldogs to France which they deemed to be too small. The dogs became popular with the creative class in Paris, garnering favor with artists and fashion designers. Today, French Bulldogs are kept as companion dogs in many countries. They do require socialization and close contact with humans to reduce the chance of separation anxiety. Overall, they are considered intelligent, affectionate and occasionally stubborn dogs. 6) Poodle white poodle dog on green grass field Previous Rank: 7 (+1) AKC Rank: 6 Countries/regions most popular in: Japan, Argentina, Costa Rica With their iconic coat, the Poodle is one of the most distinctive dogs in the world. Poodles come in three different sizes (from largest to smallest) – the Standard Poodle, the Miniature Poodle and the Toy Poodle. Whilst poodle mixes have gained popularity in recent years, it should be noted that they are not purebred dogs. There is some contention over the origins of the Poodle. On one hand, some believe that the breed has its roots in Germany. The German words ‘pudel’ or ‘pudelin’ – approximately translating to splash – supports the theory that the Poodle may have originated in Germany. An alternative theory is that the Poodle comes from France. The breed is named Caniche in French (meaning duck dog), and some claim that the Poodle is a descendant of the extinct Barbel. Some even suggest that the breed may have its origins in eastern Europe or Africa. The modern Poodle has several uses, but it is perhaps most commonly associated with performing service dog tasks. Poodles can be trained as autism service dogs, guide dogs, and offer assistance to other individuals with disabilities. Although they are trainable, the Poodle is intelligent and requires patience from owners and dog trainers alike. 5) Siberian Husky siberian husky with eyes closed in the snow Previous Rank: 4 (-1) AKC Rank: 16 Countries/regions most popular in: Trinidad & Tobago, Mexico, Iran Just the mere mention of the Siberian Husky conjures up the image of its energetic frame sprinting through the snow. The Siberian Husky has one of the thickest double coats of all breeds, which helps them to withstand even the harshest, coldest weather conditions. The breed did originate in Siberia, where it was bred by the Chukchi people in the eastern part of the region. Initially, they were simply used to transport goods and people across vast distances of the treacherous landscape. As the people became more familiar with the dogs and their behavior, the Huskies were eventually invited to live amongst them. The Siberian Husky made its way to Alaska in 1908, where it served a similar purpose. They were also used for sled dog racing – which is still the case today, with several huskies taking part in the annual Iditarod contest which races over a thousand miles of Alaska. The Siberian Husky is very independent and can be difficult to train. In particular, males may be inclined to challenge authority during training sessions. Training them from a young age is essential – by doing so, owners will be rewarded with a friendly, social and amiable family pet.  4) Golden Retriever wet golden retriever in lake Previous Rank: 6 (+2) AKC Rank: 4 Countries/regions most popular in: Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Ireland Their golden coat and sweet disposition makes a Golden Retriever instantly recognizable. From their working roots in Scotland in the nineteenth century, all the way to their modern utilization as a family pet or reliable service dog, the Golden Retriever is one of the most adored dog breeds around the world. The breed originated in the Scottish Highlands in the 1800s. Lord Tweedmouth (originally known as Sir Dudley Marjoribanks) crossed Flat-coated Retrievers with a mixture of other British dog breeds. He maintained a comprehensive stud book which detailed the origins of the Golden Retriever. Until the publication of the stud book in the 1950s, some had even speculated that the Golden started off as a Russian circus dog. The first breed club was set up in 1911, and the Golden Retriever was recognized by the Kennel Club in 1920. Its popularity extended across the world in the 1920s and 1930s, with the AKC recognizing the breed in 1932. Golden Retrievers are usually affectionate, intelligent and easy to train. These traits make the Golden Retriever an ideal candidate for a family pet, particularly if the household has young children. They are occasionally still used as hunting companions.  3) Labrador Retriever three labradors sitting in the grass Previous Rank: 3 (no change) AKC Rank: 1 Countries/regions most popular in: Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, Canada For over thirty years, the Labrador Retriever has been the most popular dog in the United States based on AKC registrations. In 2022, the Labrador retains the bronze medal position in our analysis of popular dogs around the world. The breed dates back to the 1500s, where it was developed in Newfoundland, Canada. Small water dogs were bred with the larger Newfoundland breed to create a new breed called the St. John’s Water Dog or the Lesser Newfoundland. The St. John’s Water Dog was then brought to England in the 1830s, and weas bred with hunting dogs to create the modern-day Labrador Retriever. By the 1870s, the breed was popular across England. The breed was originally predominantly found with a black coat, but at the turn of the nineteenth century, the Yellow and Liver (now Chocolate) Labs also appeared.  Labs are known to be even-tempered and a relatively healthy breed. They make great family pets, but have also been used for a number of functions. They are incredible swimmers, which means they can use their nose to locate injured or dead waterfowl. They can also be used as police or military K9s, or to perform service dog tasks. The versatility of the Labrador highlights why they are so popular around the world. 2) German Shepherd german shepherd running on the beach Previous Rank: 2 (no change) AKC Rank: 3 Countries/regions most popular in: Iran, Ukraine, Paraguay The German Shepherd’s popularity shows no sign of waning. They are the third-most registered breed in the United States, and feature in second place in this analysis – just as they did last time. A medium-to-large sized dog with distinctive pointed ears, the German Shepherd was developed to help with herding sheep and protecting flocks in Germany. These efforts took place in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was decided that the breed needed to be strong, smart, fast and agile to fulfill its role, and whilst early efforts to standardize the breed failed, a gentleman named Max von Stephanitz was instrumental in its eventual success. He had a clear idea of what a working dog should be, and was so taken with a dog he saw in a dog show in 1899 that he decided to purchase it on the spot. Von Stephanitz then formed the Society for German Shepherd Dogs, and within a matter of decades, the breed became one of the most popular – not just in Germany, but in other countries around the world. Today, the German Shepherd has multiple uses. Its trainability, temperament, drive and build make it well-suited for K9 work in police and military teams. Their strong sense of smell also enables them to succeed in detection disciplines and search and rescue. 1) Bulldog bulldog and bulldog puppy Previous Rank: 1 (no change) AKC Rank: 5 Countries/regions most popular in: United Kingdom, Serbia, Puerto Rico According to Google Trends data, the Bulldog is the most popular dog breed in the world! This muscular, medium-sized dog has retained the crown it earned in our previous analysis. The origins of the Bulldog are not pretty. Bred in England as a cross between the Pug and the Mastiff, its original use was for bull-baiting and blood sports. When bull-baiting was banned in the 1830s, the breed almost became extinct. Throughout the rest of the 1800s, breed enthusiasts worked to refine the characteristics of the breed, toning down its fierce aggression and turning it into something more akin to a companion dog. The Bulldog is synonymous with the British Prime Minister during World War II, Winston Churchill. Although many said that Churchill embodied the ‘bulldog spirit’ during the difficult stages of the war, it was suggested that there was more than a passing physical resemblance, too. Today, the Bulldog is used primarily as a family pet, although they can be trained as a protection dog. Whilst they can be difficult to train, they form strong bonds with their owners and are fiercely loyal to their family.
  • Condition: Usado
  • Condition: In Very Good Condition for its age
  • Required Level of Weirdness: Totally Bizarre
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom

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