Juego De Juntas De Aluminio A Radiocontrol Original Hpi Racing #1989 ~ Para Ajuste De Velocidad Completa

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Vendedor: resinups ✉️ (3.539) 100%, Ubicación del artículo: Hewitt, New Jersey, US, Realiza envíos a: US y muchos otros países, Número de artículo: 294499275737 JUEGO DE JUNTAS DE ALUMINIO A RADIOCONTROL ORIGINAL HPI RACING #1989 ~ PARA AJUSTE DE VELOCIDAD COMPLETA. VINTAGE ORIGINAL RC HPI RACING #1989 ~ ALUMINUM GASKET SET FOR FULL SPEED ADJUSTING GASKETS ARE BRAND NEW IN FACTORY SEALED BAG (AS SHOWN)   *DETAILED PICTURES PROVIDED - WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT U GET* *INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING DONE THROUGH EBAY GLOBAL SHIP*  STD

    Excitement is what it is all about! HPI cars and trucks are renowned for their exceptional durability, innovative designs and high quality, but most of all they are FUN!

    HPI products are enjoyed by hobbyists of all ages, from beginners to enthusiasts, with an eye for something special.

    It all started in 1986: with a small investment and a lot of hard work, Tatsuro Watanabe began Hobby Products International in Southern California, the world’s biggest hotspot for RC (Radio Control) models and products. The initial product range included car accessories like graphite parts for existing race cars,  wheels  for off-road and on-road vehicles  and motors. The Uno motors even won a World Championship title in 1987, proving that the company had what it takes to compete with the top companies in the world! This early success allowed HPI to grow the product range quickly and eventually release the first car kit designed by HPI, the Super F1.

    More sales success led to HPI substantially increasing the size of the design team, and more kits and options soon followed. From here things went fast, rapidly shifting HPI's focus from being an accessories company to being one of the most prolific RC companies in the world. From the initial electric-powered car kits, the HPI product line expanded into fuel-powered RC with the Nitro RS4, off-road with the RS4 MT, small-scale RC with the Micro RS4 and eventually into bigger and bigger kits like the legendary Savage monster truck and Baja 1/5th  scale buggy and truck series of vehicles. Along the way, HPI cars and trucks won plaudits and awards from RC media and fans alike, with web pages and fan groups helping to spread the word about HPI Racing.

    HPI car designs were used as the basis for the HB brand of pure racing cars, and this led to the brand's first World Championship win in 2006 in the ISTC on-road racing category. In off-road racing, the D8 buggy won its first World Championship in 2008, and further commitment to racing development saw many more off-road championship wins around the world, including multiple US National wins and 2 more buggy World Championship wins.

    • The RS4 series - One of the very first electric touring car racers
    • The Nitro RS4 - Kickstarted the nitro touring car movement
    • The Micro RS4 - Created the 1/18th scale car category
    • The Savage - Popularized the 1/8th scale monster truck category
    • The Baja 5B – The first popular large scale 1/5th  scale off-road RC vehicle
    • HB Cyclone - IFMAR World Champion Touring Car (2006, Andy Moore, Italy)
    • HB D8 - IFMAR World Champion 1/8th buggy (2008, Atsushi Hara, USA) 
    • The Savage XS - The fastest Mini Monster Truck in the world (65+mph/105 km/h)
    • HB D812 - IFMAR World Champion 1/8th buggy (2012, Ty Tessmann, Sicily)
    • The Baja Q32 - The first micro-scale car with Real Steer control

    In 2016, the 30th  anniversary year of HPI Racing, HPI and HB brands parted ways as HPI Racing came under the ownership of Ripmax, the largest RC distributor in the United Kingdom and the largest Futaba distributor in Europe. 

    In 2019, the HPI Racing brand changed ownership and the major shareholders are now the Scandinavian based Vestergaard Group. Vestergaard have 50+ years of expertise and investment in the hobby industry as a major distributor in the Scandinavian region. As HPI Racing's Distributor for this region at the time, they are already familiar with the brand and are ready to revitalise HPI Racing, capitalise on the Vestergaard Groups great heritage and push the brand forward.

    HPI's success is firmly rooted in the excitement, curiosity and genuine enthusiasm for everything about radio-controlled cars, and we carry forward the momentum of our innovation and success into every product we design and sell. From the wheel-to-wheel action of on-road cars, to the wild acrobatics of monster trucks and the extreme size and power of large-scale off-road, HPI designers have continually led the way, forging a path for the rest of the industry to follow.

    HPI Savage  is a line of radio-controlled monster trucks  manufactured in Japan  by Hobby Products International of Foothill Ranch, California , US.

    The overall setup of the Savage, with its massive tires and tall suspension, make it a perfect truck for bashing , and also enables the model to be able to withstand tremendous abuse. The Savage is used for "bashing", which consists of jumps, flips, etc. and it shines in this area. New for 2016 are the Savage XL Octane V2, Savage XL F5.9 and Savage XL Flux.

    Several hobbyists have had success using the Savage for high speed using option tires and gearing. The current RC monster truck world speed record is held by a Savage, at 74 MPH.

    Savage 21 [ edit ]

    The original, ready-to-run (RTR) Savage 21  served as the foundation for the many vehicles that came after. It featured a unique boxed chassis with parallel aluminum panels (known as Twin Vertical Plates, TVP) surrounding the transmission and drive axles, two-speed transmission, heavy-duty slipper clutch, eight oil-filled coilover shock absorbers, 4 inches of suspension travel, four-wheel drive, HPI .21ci (3.4 cc) pull-start engine with rear exhaust and an HPI 27 MHz three-channel pistol grip radio. A "reverse module," sold separately, mounts inside the transmission, where it replaces an idler gear assembly. It utilizes the factory-installed radio's non-proportional third channel and an additional servo to add the convenience and fun of reverse when the model is first brought to a complete stop.

    Savage SS [ edit ]

    Shortly after the Savage 21 was released, the Savage SS  (Super Sport, meaning kit version) was released. It was an unassembled version of the Savage, based on the Savage 21, but came with some pre-included option parts such as an aluminum tuned pipe and an upgraded S-25 engine. The S-25 engine later became standard in the Savage 25 RTR. Unlike the RTR versions of the Savage, the SS version was supplied without radio gear based on the assumption that drivers already had advanced radio systems perfect for the Savage SS.[1]

    Savage 25 [ edit ]

    The Savage 21 was replaced by the updated Savage 25 . This version added both a larger HPI .25ci (4.1 cc) engine, the S-25, for additional power and torque as well as HPI's unique "Roto-Start" electric starter system. The Roto-Start kept the weight-saving advantages of the pull start with the extra added convenience of electric starting via an external electric starter. This starter, standard on most new HPI RTR models, incorporates a gear-driven one-way bearing mounted on the engine in lieu of the pull starter. The external starter is a motor-driven gearbox which spins a hexagonal steel shaft and is powered by a standard 7.2-volt nickel cadmium  battery pack. A pinned ball joint at the end of the shaft mates with a socket on the rear of the engine-mounted one-way bearing assembly. The system has proven to be a popular one, with third-party engine manufacturers such as O.S. Engines  and Team Orion designing their replacement engines to accept the assembly. A limited edition version of the Savage 25 added a three-speed transmission along with updated wheels and tires. These parts can easily be retrofitted to previous versions.[2]

    Savage ATV [ edit ]

    A mechanically identical (save for springs) variation of the Savage 25 replaces that model's Lexan  pickup truck body with that of a Kawasaki  KFX700 all-terrain vehicle  (ATV) with articulated rider figure designed to move with the model's steering motions.[3]

    Savage 4.6 SS [ edit ]

    When the Savage 25 was released, the Savage 4.6 SS kit was updated to include the more powerful engine, improved differentials and other upgrades. A ready-to-run version, the Savage 25 Limited Edition , added colored shock absorber springs, a 3-speed transmission, and a commemorative bodyshell to differentiate it from the kit version.[4]

    E-Savage [ edit ]

    An electric version, dubbed E-Savage , is a 1/10 scale version similar in design to the original. It is powered by two HPI "GT550" 14.4v electric motors and competes in the market defined by models such as the Traxxas  E-Maxx and Kyosho  Twin Force. It shares no parts at all with the full size Savage because it is simply a rebadged Hot Bodies E-Zilla.

    There is also an E-Savage Sport. The only difference between the E-Savage and the E-Savage Sport is that the Sport does not include the battery packs and charger.[5]

    Savage X [ edit ]

    The next ready-to-run version was the Savage X.  It had a new Force Engine-built 25 motor. The Savage X  has addressed the criticisms of the original twin chassis design, which were poor radio box access and difficult access to the differentials. The enlarged radio box is now easier to open and the differentials can now be removed from the new "split bulkhead" design by removing only 6 screws. The new chassis plates lower the motor and transmission slightly to improve GC, and it now includes a standard composite roll bar and detachable roll hoop to protect the engine.[6]

    Savage X SS [ edit ]

    A variation on the Savage X, the Savage X SS , has a .28ci (4.6cc) engine that has 10% more displacement than the S-25 Model. The Savage X SS  also features a hardened steel spur gear, chromed dog bones and 6 gear spider diffs for enhanced drivetrain durability to cope with the extra power of the .28 engine. With this engine the SS version will easily pull wheel stands and an optional wheelie bar is available for the Savage to prevent it from flipping over backwards under hard acceleration.[7]

    Savage X 4.6 [ edit ]

    At the end of summer 2007, HPI released the Savage X 4.6 RTR. This model features the Force Engine-made F4.6 motor. The new F4.6 motor retains the reliability of HPI's motors while adding more power, though it is not as powerful as the K4.6. The driveline has been upgraded with new alloy differential cases, reversion to the more reliable 21/25-style slipper clutch, and a dual fiberglass brake disc kit. The clutchbell is now a 17 tooth unit. In 2011, HPI released a newer model of the Savage X 4.6

    Savage XL [ edit ]

    Released in April 2008. This Savage includes a new K5.9 (.36) motor with aluminum tuned pipe and a stretched chassis. Several changes have been made to improve on the truck, including stronger diff gears, steel spur gear, uprated driveshafts, thicker chassis, metal geared steering servo, aluminum clutch shoes, 3-speed gearbox as stock, and much more. New wheels and tires and a new body complete the truck, which is RTR and comes with a rechargeable receiver pack and charger.[8]

    Savage Flux HP [ edit ]

    In 2009 HPI released the first electric variant of the Savage monster truck, the Savage Flux HP. The Savage Flux HP offers a simple, easy, plug-and-go alternative to the Nitro versions of the Savage. Unlike the nitro-powered Savage, whose engine requires a break-in procedure[9]  , the only thing needed to get the Savage Flux HP up and running is a pair of battery packs.

    The Savage Flux HP is capable of speeds up to 62 mph with the standard brushless motor.[10] [11]

    Savage Flux 2350 [ edit ]

    The Savage Flux 2350 is a modified version of the Savage Flux HP. The savage Flux HP could handle up to 6 cells were as the flux 2350 could only handle 4 cells, in effect making it the budget minded model.[12]

    Savage 5T [ edit ]

    The Savage 5T is the largest out of the series. Compared to the XL, the main difference is the further elongated TVPs and accommodating driveshaft which provide enough space for a secondary fuel tank. The elongated TVPs measure at 562mm long, making the chassis long enough for a Baja 5T body to fit with proper body posts. In addition to the longer chassis, the Savage 5T also uses enlarged wheel hexes for use with Baja 5T wheels. Because of the Baja look, some like to call it the "Nitro Baja" even though the body has Savage 5T decals designating the model. Even with these major differences, it's still a Savage XL with a K5.9 and the 3-speed Savage X optional transmission. The 5T was only distributed in Japan and the European market, never officially arriving in the US, and has been since discontinued.[13]

    Savage XS Flux [ edit ]

    The Savage XS Flux is a Brushless Mini version of the Savage. It is a (2/3 Savage Flux) 1/10 scale. With a top speed of 65+ MPH Savage XS Flux It uses the Flux VEKTOR 4000 motor and VAPOR Pro ESC and uses 2S or 3S LiPo packs, standard size. The XS is also Waterproof.[14]

    Savage XL Octane [ edit ]

    Hobby Products International (HPI) announced that the Savage Octane was to be based on the Savage XL platform and equipped with a 15cc, petrol -fueled, 2-stroke engine. Availability for purchase was originally announced for 2012, but the release date was pushed into 2013. Then further delayed release of the Savage XL Octane to 2014, claiming it was under further development.

    The final release date was spring 2014, With the models shipping a few weeks after the announcement. A few design changes took place including different chassis plates and rollover protection to accommodate the larger motor and cooling needs, as well as a redesigned shell and livery.

    Savage xl F5.9 [ edit ]

    New for 2016 is the Savage xl 5.9; this new model includes a front-mounted fuel tank like the Savage Octane and a powerful F5.9 nitro engine.

    [15]

    Radio-controlled cars  (or RC  cars  for short) are miniature model cars or trucks that can be controlled from a distance using a specialized transmitter or remote. The term "RC" has been used to mean both "remote controlled" and "radio controlled", where "remote controlled" includes vehicles that are controlled by radio, infrared or a physical wire connection (the latter is now obsolete). Common use of "RC" today usually refers only to vehicles controlled by radio, and this article focuses on radio-controlled vehicles only.[1]

    Cars are powered by various sources. Electric models are powered by small but powerful electric motors  and rechargeable nickel-cadmium , nickel metal hydride , or lithium polymer  cells. There are also brushed or brushless electric motors  - brushless motors are more powerful and efficient, but also much more expensive than brushed motors. Most fuel-powered models use glow plug  engines, small internal combustion engines  fueled by a special mixture  of nitromethane , methanol , and oil (in most cases a blend of castor oil  and synthetic oil ). These are referred to as "nitro" cars. Recently, exceptionally large models have been introduced that are powered by small gasoline  engines, similar to string trimmer  motors, which use a mix of oil and gasoline. Electric cars are generally considered easier to work with compared to fuel-driven models, but can be equally as complex at the higher budget and skill levels. Both electric and nitro models can be very fast, although electric is easier to upgrade and more versatile.

    In both of these categories, both on-road  and off-road  vehicles  are available. Off-road models, which are built with fully functional off-road suspensions and a wide tire selection, can be used on various types of terrain. On-road cars, with a much less robust suspension, are limited to smooth, paved surfaces. There are also rally cars, which fall somewhere between on-road and off-roadand can be driven on gravel, dirt or other loose surfaces. In the past decade, advances in "on-road" vehicles have made their suspension as adjustable as many full scale race cars, today.

    Toy-grade RC cars [ edit ] Radio controlled vehicle toy 1:24 Range Rover Sport  replica developed by Rastar with hidden antenna.

    Toy-grade RC cars are typically manufactured with a focus on design coupled with reducing production costs. Where as a hobby-grade car has separate electronic components that are individually replaceable if they fail, toy grade cars are typically made with cheaper components that are harder to find as spare parts, and a single electronic circuit board integrated into the design of the vehicle. Although hobby-grade enthusiasts may look down on toy-grade RC cars, their maintenance is much easier than that of the hobby-grade models since number of components is drastically smaller, and parts can be harvested at almost no cost from any RC toy car of the similar size. Performance is generally much less than hobby-grade cars, but can be upgraded by adding hobby-grade parts. Stock toy-grade cars are equipped with weaker motors and are powered by alkaline or NiCad batteries which means their top speed is usually only 5–15 mph (8–24 km/h). Cheaper ones lack any form of a suspension and the ones that do feature a suspension have very primitive or rudimentary designs. Steering is typically not proportional (with only three positions: straight, full left, and full right) and there is typically no proportional "throttle" either, with stopped and full power usually being the only options. Most toy-grade cars are primarily marketed toward children, although some older enthusiasts enjoy tinkering with them and improving them. Many toy-grade cars also have highly detailed scale body shells, which are often adapted for use on hobby-grade vehicles to give them a more scale appearance.

    Hobby-grade radio control models [ edit ]

    In recent years, hobby-grade "ready-to-run" (or "RTR") models have become readily available from major manufacturers of radio-controlled cars, attracting many hobbyists who would otherwise not have purchased a kit car. Vehicles of this type need little or no final assembly and in most cases, the bodies are shipped painted and trimmed. Safety inspection of the product to ensure correct operation is essential, as injury to operators or bystanders from disassembling vehicles is possible. A number of cars and trucks are presently available only in ready-to-run form. The growing popularity of the RTR vehicle has prompted many manufacturers to discontinue production of kit vehicles. High-spec racing vehicles are generally still available or sold only as kits, and companies like Thunder Tiger , Losi , HPI, Traxxas  and Tamiya  sell kit and RTR versions with the benefits of a kit version being in upgraded parts or lower costs, respectively. Hobby grade vehicles can cost much more, ranging from $90 to over $2000.

    Ready-to-run.  As the name suggests, are pre-assembled models ready for immediate use. They reach to speeds of about 80 miles per hour (130 km/h), with some modified versions capable of reaching 95 miles per hour (153 km/h).[2]  There are versions that run on both batteries and nitro.

    Kit.  Kit vehicles are sold as a box of individual parts, and must be assembled before driving. Although they require more skill to get running than an RTR vehicle, a relatively easy kit (such as those from Tamiya) is a good way to learn more about working on RC cars. Many kits are very easily modified with a wide variety of available parts. There are also "ARTR" or Almost Ready To Run models, which come mostly assembled but require a small amount of extra work before running.[3]

    Electric models [ edit ] A yellow RC Camaro SS

    Electrically powered models utilize mechanical or electronic speed control units to adjust the amount of power delivered to the electric motor. The power delivered is proportional to the amount of throttle called for by the transmitter - the more you pull the trigger, the faster it goes. The voltage is "pulsed" using transistors to produce varying output with smooth transitions and greater efficiency. Electronic speed controllers use solid state  components to regulate duty cycle , adjusting the power delivered to the electrical motor. In addition, most electronic speed controllers can use the electric motor as a magnetic  brake , offering better control of the model than is possible with a mechanical speed control.

    Mechanical speed controllers use a network of resistors  and switch between them by rotating a head with an electrode  around a plate that has electrical contacts. Mechanical speed controllers are prone to being slow to react because they are actuated by servos, waste energy in the form of heat from the resistors , commonly become dirty and perform intermittently, and lack a dedicated braking ability. They appear only in vintage RC models, and are now essentially obsolete.

    Most electric cars up to recently used brushed motors but now many people are turning to brushless motors for their higher power output and because they require much less maintenance. They are rated either in relative turns or Kv. The Kv number tells how many RPM the motor will turn per volt. However, the ability of the system to put out power is dependent on the quality of the batteries used, wires and connectors supplying power. Due to their power, brushless motors are also used in bigger monster trucks and 1/8 nitro-powered buggies that have been converted to electric. High quality brushless systems can be much more powerful than nitro and can accomplish feats such as standing backflips when installed in a monster truck, most notably the HPI Savage Flux. Some 1/5 scale gas to electric conversions are in production but are uncommon due to high price.

    A new (2012) form of electric r/c racing is MAGracing. Small 1/32 scale cars and powered by rechargeable batteries and steering and speed are controlled by r/c. Extra steering guidance is provided by steel wires hidden in the track surface enabling more accurate steering than is attainable with free running r/c cars. Tracks can therefore be much narrower and smaller making the system suitable for 'in home' racing. Cars can be driven back onto the track after an 'off', using reverse if necessary, so that track marshals are not required.

    Nitro powered models [ edit ] A Traxxas  T-Maxx  nitro powered off-road monster truck without body.

    Nitromethane  nitro powered models utilize a single servo for throttle and braking control; rotation of the servo in one direction will cause the throttle  on the carburetor  to open, providing more air and fuel mixture to the internal combustion engine . Rotation of the servo in the other direction causes torque  to be applied to a linkage and cam which causes friction with the braking material. The brake is commonly located on the driveshaft  or spur gear in some cases and applies stopping power only to the driven wheels. Some models will also use an additional servo to control a transmission box, enabling the vehicle to drive in reverse.

    Fuel engine sizes most often range between 0.12–0.35 cubic inches (2.0–5.7 cm3). This is due to restrictions by the main sanctioning bodies for radio-controlled racing. Many "outlaw" engines are manufactured larger than these, mainly intended for vehicles which will not be used in sanctioned races and therefore do not need to comply with these regulations. Engine size is related to the class of car; 1/10 scale on and off-road vehicles usually are equipped with .12–.18 cubic inch engines, with 1/8 scale vehicles using .21–.32 cubic inch engines. There are exceptions, with many Schumacher and Thunder Tiger/Team Associated RC models being good examples of unusually large engines coming as standard equipment on certain models.

    An Ofna Hyper 8 Pro 1:8-scale nitro-powered racing buggy.

    Fuel-powered engines allow model cars to reach moderate speeds unmodified. Maximum power is generally achieved at medium to high speeds, and a slightly slower throttle response than electrically powered vehicles is to be expected due to clutching and lack of torque. Electric motors effectively produce instantaneous torque, whereas nitro engines, like full-sized gasoline engines, take time for the engine to spool up and for the clutch to engage. Nitro- (and fuel) powered cars may be refueled and returned to action in a few seconds, as opposed to electrics which require removal of the body shell and battery fasteners to replace a discharged battery. Nitro cars are cooled some by air, some by the oil mixed in with the fuel and may be run continuously with no need to take breaks for cooling down assuming they are properly tuned.

    Nitro-powered cars operate like full-sized fuel vehicles more than their electric counterparts do, making use of a two stroke engine  rather than an electric motor . The sound of the engine noise is a main selling points to nitro enthusiasts, even though brushless electric equivalents are generally faster and do not require special fuel. However, their exhaust contains unburned oil, which usually ends up coating the chassis. This, in turn, requires more cleaning than an electric-powered equivalent. Cleaning is usually achieved by the use of compressed air nozzles and solvents (such as denatured alcohol ). Tuning a fuel-powered vehicle requires learning to maintain optimum performance and fuel economy, and to minimize engine wear and overheating, even in ready-to-run vehicles. Running a nitro-fuel motor without tuning or tuning improperly can hurt performance in rich conditions, and cause severe damage in lean conditions.

    Traxxas Nitro Sport

    Because of their ability to be driven for longer periods of time and the use of burning fuel, mechanical wear in nitro vehicles is generally greater than in electric vehicles. In addition, the increased weight of fuel-powered vehicles generally lead to higher speed collisions, causing greater damage to the collided vehicles, and a greater degree of safety concerns needs to be taken into account. Maintenance such as cleaning of the air filter and general chassis cleaning, replacement of worn clutch parts, proper after-run lubrication (necessary for storage) and maintenance of other motor-related items such as glow plug replacement makes for a more frustrating experience for first time RC users. In addition, nitro motors typically require rebuilding or replacement after 2–8 gallons (7–30 liters) of fuel run through them, due to loss of compression, which can be accelerated by poor tuning and overheating. It is also possible to seriously damage the engines by over-revving them with no load or ingestion of dirt into the carburetor. As such, nitro-powered vehicles are by nature expensive to maintain.

    Gasoline-powered models [ edit ]

    Gasoline-powered vehicles, also known as "fuelies" or "gassers", run on a mix of gasoline and oil. They cost much more (usually $800–$3000 RTR) than nitro and electric cars. They are also much bigger, usually scale 1/6 or 1/5 usually referred to as Large Scale, and therefore require much more space to run. They do not usually have as high top-end speeds (compared to nitro and some electrics) but have much power and do not require much fuel to run. Over time the cost of a gas-powered car can be less than some nitro-powered vehicles, because of the high cost of nitro fuel and buying new nitro engines to replace worn-out ones. In addition, gas-powered motors rarely if ever require tuning and have a very long lifespan. These gas-powered vehicles really pertain to the individual who is more interested in scale than imagination. These large scale models have been popular in Europe for over a decade with brands like FG Modelsport, MCD, Elcon, N-R-P and have become popular in the US thanks to companies like HPI Racing and Losi producing affordable high quality models locally. In Europe there are sanctioned EFRA races that compete both in on-road cars as well as off-road cars to determine National Champions as well as European Champions, in the US ROAR has yet not picked up these as official classes.

    Accessories and Upgrades [ edit ]

    Most RC models generally require the purchase of additional accessories. For electrical vehicles, battery packs and a suitable charger  are needed to power the car and are seldom included. A soldering iron and supplies are often necessary to build high-performance battery packs or install upgraded electronics with low-resistance connectors. A Li-Polymer battery with a hard case is popular for RC cars, with the most common voltages being 7.4 V or 11.1 V. LiPo batteries are known to be explosive if mistreated, so some enthusiasts still use NiMH batteries instead, which are less powerful but safer. For nitro-powered vehicles, a glow plug heater and fuel are needed to start the engine, as well as 4 AA size batteries, or a rechargeable six-volt, five-cell battery pack to power the on board electronics. Nitro vehicles also require a means of cranking the engine over, which can be achieved using a pull-start, starter box, battery operated rotostart, or by an electric drill. The Traxxas nitro rc cars come with a hand start up system, that revs the engine and starts it up. It doesn't require a pull start system. Relatively expensive model fuel, spare glow-plugs, and after-run oil are also needed. Gasoline-powered vehicles require only a receiver battery pack and a means to start the engine, usually the included pull-start. Hobby-grade vehicles almost always require 8 AA size batteries to power the transmitter, though some can use rechargeable transmitter pack or simply rechargeable AAs.

    A large industry of aftermarket manufacturers produce upgrade or hop-up parts for hobby-grade cars. Upgrades range from mere improvements to the longevity of R/C car parts, to all-out performance enhancements. Some hobbyists create their own upgrades for sale via classifieds and online forums. Hobbyists choose to upgrade hobby-grade cars from plastic stock parts to aluminium parts to increase strength and the steering angle of the car.

    Principle of operation [ edit ] Main article: Radio control A Traxxas Electric Rustler - A Rear Wheel Drive Stadium Truck (without body).

    Radio-controlled cars use a common set of components for their control and operation. All cars require a transmitter , which has the joysticks for control, or in pistol grip form, a trigger for throttle and a wheel for turning, and a receiver  which sits inside the car. The receiver changes the radio  signal broadcast from the transmitter into suitable electrical control signals for the other components of the control system. Most radio systems utilize amplitude modulation  for the radio signal and encode the control positions with pulse-width modulation . Upgraded radio systems are available that use the more robust frequency modulation  and pulse code modulation . Recently however, 2.4 GHz frequency radios have become the standard for hobby-grade R/C cars. The radio is wired up to either electronic speed controls  or servomechanisms  (shortened to "servo" in common usage) which perform actions such as throttle control, braking, steering, and on some cars, engaging either forward or reverse gears. Electronic speed controls and servos are commanded by the receiver through pulse width modulation; pulse duration sets either the amount of current  that an electronic speed control allows to flow into the electric motor or sets the angle of the servo. On these models the servo is attached to at least the steering mechanism; rotation of the servo is mechanically changed into a force which steers the wheels on the model, generally through adjustable turnbuckle linkages. Servo savers are integrated into all steering linkages and some nitro throttle linkages. A servo saver is a flexible link between the servo and its linkage that protects the servo's internal gears from damage during impacts or stress.

    History [ edit ] On-road racing model on a carpet surface track. A 1:8 four-wheel drive off-road racing buggy in action

    Early commercial products [ edit ]

    Several early commercially viable RC cars were available by mid-1966, produced by the Italian company El-Gi (Elettronica Giocattoli) from Reggio Emilia. Their first model, a 1:12 Ferrari 250LM was available in the UK in December 1966, through importers Motor Books and Accessories, St. Martins, London, and early in 1967 through Atkinson's model shop in Swansea. This model was followed by El-Gi's 1:10 Ferrari P4, first shown at the Milan Toy Fair in early 1968. R/C cars became possible around this time solely because of the development of 'proportional' radio control. Previously all radio was of the 'bang/bang' variety, i.e. steering was either left, center, or right and speed was either stop or go. This was usable for aircraft or boats but not for cars.

    In the mid-late 1960s a British company, Mardave, based in Leicester, began to produce commercially viable RC Cars. Their first cars were nitro- or gas-powered cars sold in the local area in the early 1970s.

    In the early 1970s several commercial products were created by small firms in the US. Most of these companies began as slot car companies and with the wane in popularity of that genre moved into the R/C field. Among these were Associated Electrics, Thorp, Dynamic, Taurus, Delta, and Scorpion. These early brubs were 1/8 scale nitro-powered (then called gas) aluminum flat pan cars powered by a .21 or smaller engine. The bodies for these cars were made of polycarbonate (the most popular made of Lexan). The most popular engine was the K&B Veco McCoy. The primary sanctioning body for races for these cars was Remotely Operated Auto Racers (ROAR). In 1973-74, Jerobee, a company based in Washington State, created their 1/12 nitro car using a Cox .049 engine. Over 54,000 were sold "Ready to Run" W/Radio control system of which 25K were made by EK Product od Texas and the balance by JoMac when they bought the company from Rocket Research Corp. Several aftermarket companies created parts for this car including clear Lexan bodies, heat sinks, and larger fuel tanks. This scale evolved into 1/12 scale electric racing when Associated Electrics created the RC12E in 1976-77. Jerobee became Jomac and created their own electric kit called the Lightning 2000 that won the "ROAR" National Championships in 1981& 82 for 6-Cell Modified and 82 the 6-Cell Production classes. The Lightning 2000 was designed by Don McKay and Jon Congdon.

    By the late 1970s, interests in 1/12 scale electric racing began to grow as 1/8 scale IC racers, the sole racing category at the time, needing to race throughout the winter as an alternative to their impractical IC cars began to race 1/12 cars, therefore a winter national series was developed. As a result, the series grew into popularity as a large number of scratchbuilt cars started to appear in these meetings. Again, electric r/c cars were enabled by one revolutionary development, that of the nicad rechargeable battery. Prior to the mid-1970s, batteries were either heavy lead acid or expensive throw away dry cells. In 1976, the Japanese firm Tamiya , which was renowned for their intricately detailed plastic model kits, released a series of elegant and highly detailed, but mechanically simple electric on-road car models that were sold as "suitable for radio control". Although rather expensive to purchase, the kits and radio systems sold rapidly. Tamiya soon began to produce more purpose-built remote-controlled model cars, and were the first to release off-road buggies featuring real suspension systems. It was this progression toward the off-road class that brought about much of the hobby's popularity, as it meant radio-controlled cars were no longer restricted to bitumen and smooth surfaces, but could be driven virtually anywhere. The first true Tamiya off-road vehicles were the Sand Scorcher  and the Rough Rider , both released in 1979, and both based on realistic dune buggy designs. Tamiya continued to produce off-road vehicles in increasing numbers, featuring working suspensions, more powerful motors, textured off-road rubber tires and various stylized "dune buggy " bodies. They also produced trucks, such as the Toyota HiLux Pickup, that featured realistic three-speed gearboxes and leaf-spring suspension systems. All of these models were realistic, durable, easy to assemble, capable of being modified, and simple to repair. They were so popular that they could be credited with launching a boom in radio-controlled model cars in the early to mid 1980s, and provided the basis for today's radio-controlled car market. Popular Tamiya models included the Grasshopper  and the Hornet  dune buggies as well as the Blackfoot and Clodbuster monster truck  models. The earliest Tamiya models, particularly the early off roaders, are now highly sought after by vintage R/C collectors and can fetch prices of up to US$3000 on internet auction sites if still in mint, unbuilt form. Acknowledging their continued popularity, several of the early kits have even been re-released by Tamiya during 2005–2007, with a few alterations.

    A British firm, Schumacher Racing , was the first to develop an adjustable ball differential  in 1980, which allowed nearly infinite tuning for various track conditions. At the time the majority of on-road cars had a solid axle, while off-road cars generally had a gear-type differential. Team Associated  followed suit with the introduction of the RC100  1/8 scale gas on-road car, RC12  1/12 scale on-road electric car, and RC10  1/10 scale off-road electric racing buggy  in 1984 (see below). Team Losi followed with the introduction of the JRX2  in 1988.

    Modern developments in radio controlled racing [ edit ] The successful RC Racing car, 'Schumacher S.S.T.2000' The image shows the car without body kit or battery pack installed to allow for a clearer view.

    In 1984, Associated Electrics, Inc.  of Costa Mesa, California  introduced the RC10  off-road electric racer; this model was a departure from 'Associated Electrics' regular line of nitromethane-powered on-road race cars. Designed as a high-grade radio controlled car, the chassis of the RC10 buggy was manufactured from anodised, aircraft-grade aluminium  alloy . The shock absorbers  were machined, oil-filled and completely tuneable; they were also produced from the same aluminium alloy. Suspension control arms were manufactured from high-impact nylon , as were the three-piece wheels .

    Optional metal shielded ball bearings were sometimes incorporated in RC10 wheels and transmissions . The RC10 transmission contained an innovative differential  featuring hardened steel rings pressed against balls - which made it almost infinitely adjustable for any track condition. The RC10 quickly became the dominant model in electric off-road racing.

    In 1986, Schumacher Racing Products released their CAT (Competition All Terrain) vehicle, widely considered the best four wheel drive  off-road "buggy" racer of the time. The CAT went on to win the 1987 off-road world championship. This car is credited for sparking an interest in four-wheel-drive electric off-road racing.

    Gil Losi Jr., whose family ran the "Ranch Pit Shop R/C" racetrack in Pomona, California , turned his college studies toward engineering, primarily in the field of injection molded  plastics, leading to his foundation of Team Losi. When the JRX-2 , the first Team Losi buggy, was released, it initiated a rivalry with Team Associated that continues to this day. Team Losi went on to secure a number of achievements, which included the industry's first all-natural rubber tires, the first American-made four-wheel-drive racing buggy, and an entirely new class of cars, the 1/18-scale  Mini-T off-road electrics.

    Although Losi and Associated seemed to dominate much of the American market, Traxxas , (another American company, famous for the T-MAXX and the REVO 3.3), and Kyosho  (from Japan), were also making competitive two-wheel-drive off-road racing models.[4]  Although Losi and Associated were close rivals in the US, Schumacher off-road models continued to be popular amongst European hobbyists.

    Electric and nitro cars have come a long way in terms of power. Electric cars have gone from non-rebuildable brushed motors and NiCad batteries to brushless motors and LiPo . Nitro cars have gone from small engines to huge .36-.80 engines that are used in big monster trucks.

    Telemetry in RC racing [ edit ]

    In the last few years one-way telemetry  system has also been applied in RC racing car to get information by car's sensors like

    • Engine RPM
    • Motor RPM
    • Voltage
    • Engine Temperature
    • Motor Temperature

    The telemetry system is usually integrated in car's receiver then transmit to the controller.

    • SLIDE CARBURETOR COMPLETE GUNMETAL...STD
    • Vorza FluxSTD
    • SWAY BAR SET (FRONT/REAR/SAVAGE X)STD
    • Trophy Truggy 4.6STD
    • STD
    • NITRO STAR G3.0 HO ENGINE WITH...STD
    • COMPOSITE SLIDE CARBURETOR SET (G3...STD
    • Savage X 4.6STD
    • Bullet ST 3.0STD
    • Bullet MT 3.0STD
    • Bullet ST FluxSTD
    • Bullet MT FluxSTD
    • NITRO STAR F4.6 V2 ENGINE WITH...STD
    • NITRO STAR F3.5 V2 ENGINE WITH...STD
    • Baja 5b SS KitSTD
    • Micro RS4 1969 Ford Mustang RTR-XSTD
    • Baja 5b D-Box 2STD
    • ALUMINUM WHEEL HEX HUB SET 17MM...STD
    • Crawler King Ford F-150 SVT RaptorSTD
    • SAVAGE XS FLUX VGJRSTD
    • RS4 Sport 3 Drift 2015 Ford MustangSTD
    • VENTURE Scale Builder KitSTD
    • NITRO STAR F5.9 ENGINE WITH...STD
    • RS4 SPORT 3 Creator EditionSTD
    • JUMPSHOT MT V2.0STD
    • JUMPSHOT SC V2.0STD
    • JUMPSHOT ST V2.0STD
    • E10 TOURING MICHELE ABBATE...STD
    • E10 DRIFT FAIL CREW NISSAN SKYLINE...STD
    • Savage XS Flux Chevrolet El Camino...STD
    • RS4 Sport 3 Drift Dai Yoshihara...STD
    • RS4 Sport 3 Drift Team WorthouseSTD
    • RS4 SPORT 3 FLUX FORD GT HERITAGE...STD
    • Micro RS4 Drift Fail Crew Nissan...STD
    • RS4 SPORT 3 1969 FORD MUSTANG...STD
    • RS4 SPORT 3 1987 WARSTEINER BMW...STD
    • SLIDE CARB COMPLETE (7...STD
    • SLIDE CARBURETOR COMPLETE (TYPE...STD
    • JUMPSHOT MT FluxSTD
    • JUMPSHOT SC FluxSTD
    • Jumpshot ST FluxSTD
    • Savage XL Flux GTXL-1STD
    • JUMPSHOT SC V2 TOYO TIRES EDITIONSTD
    • JUMPSHOT SC FLUX TOYO TIRES...STD
    • THIS PART FITS THE FOLLOWING KITS / PARTS:
      • Cup RacerSTD
      • Pulse 4.6 RTRSTD
      • Bullet ST 3.0STD
      • Bullet MT 3.0STD
      • Bullet ST FluxSTD
      • Bullet MT FluxSTD
      • Cup Racer 1M Kit w/ BMW 2002STD
      • NITRO STAR F3.5 ENGINE WITH...STD
      • SLIDE CARBURETOR COMPLETE GUNMETAL...STD
      • Vorza FluxSTD
      • Cup Racer 1M Kit w/ Porsche 911...STD
      • RTR CRAWLER KING WITH LAND ROVER...STD
      • RTR WHEELY KING TRUCK / BOUNTY...STD
      • RTR WHEELY KING TRUCK / BOUNTY...STD
      • SWAY BAR SET (FRONT/REAR/SAVAGE X)STD
      • Formula TenSTD
      • MINI-TROPHY RTR 4WD DESERT TRUCK...STD
      • Blitz RTRSTD
      • RTR Vorza Flux HPSTD
      • Baja 5T with 2.4GHz radio systemSTD
      • Baja 2.0 5B with 2.4GHz Radio...STD
      • RTR BAJA 5B 2.0 WITH 2.4GHz & 5B-1...STD
      • RTR BAJA 5B 2.0 WITH 2.4GHz & 5B-1...STD
      • Blitz ESESTD
      • Hellfire RTRSTD
      • Hellfire SSSTD
      • Firestorm 10TSTD
      • RTR BAJA 5SC WITH 2.4GHz & 5SC-1...STD
      • E-Firestorm RTRSTD
      • E-Firestorm FluxSTD
      • Baja 5SC SS KitSTD
      • BlitzSTD
      • E-Firestorm 10TSTD
      • Firestorm 10T 3.0STD
      • E-Firestorm 10T FluxSTD
      • RTR E10 Drift Falken Mustang GT...STD
      • Baja 5B RTRSTD
      • Baja 5B SSSTD
      • Sprint 2 Nissan GT-R R35STD
      • Sprint 2 1969 Chevrolet Camaro Z28STD
      • RTR Sprint 2 SportSTD
      • Sprint 2 Drift 2010 Chevrolet...STD
      • Sprint 2 Drift Nissan 350ZSTD
      • RTR Sprint 2 Flux w/ Porsche 911...STD
      • Sprint 2 Flux BMW M3 GT2STD
      • Wheely King 4x4STD
      • Baja 5TSTD
      • Baja 5B 2.0STD
      • Savage XS Flux GT-2XSSTD
      • RTR WR8 3.0 Ford Fiesta Abu Dhabi...STD
      • Bullet ST 3.0 w/ 2.4GHzSTD
      • Bullet MT 3.0 w/ 2.4GHzSTD
      • RTR Bullet ST Flux W/ 2.4GHzSTD
      • Bullet MT Flux w/ 2.4GHzSTD
      • Trophy Truggy 4.6STD
      • RTR E10 DRIFT with Mazda RX-7 FD3S...STD
      • Pulse Buggy 4.6STD
      • RTR E10 DRIFT with Toyota Sprinter...STD
      • APACHE SCSTD
      • APACHE C1STD
      • RTR WR8 Flux RallySTD
      • STD
      • RTR E10 with Lamborghini...STD
      • RTR E10 with NISSAN SKYLINE R32...STD
      • RTR E10 with Ford Mustang GT-RSTD
      • Savage XS SSSTD
      • NITRO STAR G3.0 HO ENGINE WITH...STD
      • COMPOSITE SLIDE CARBURETOR SET (G3...STD
      • Brama 10BSTD
      • RTR WHEELY KING TRUCK with MINI...STD
      • Wheely KingSTD
      • Sprint 2 Falken Porsche 911STD
      • Wheely King 4x4STD
      • RTR WHEELY KING 4X4 TRUCK with MINISTD
      • Sprint 2 Flux 2010 Chevrolet...STD
      • Savage XL OctaneSTD
      • Savage X 4.6STD
      • E10 Drift Nissan S13 Discount TireSTD
      • Sprint 2 1969 Ford Mustang RTR-XSTD
      • Ken Block WR8 with Ford Fiesta H.F...STD
      • Blitz FluxSTD
      • E10 2014 Ford MustangSTD
      • Baja 5SCSTD
      • Baja 5TSTD
      • RTR Baja 5BSTD
      • Bullet ST 3.0STD
      • Bullet MT 3.0STD
      • Bullet ST FluxSTD
      • Bullet MT FluxSTD
      • Ken Block 2013 GRC Micro RS4 With...STD
      • Falken 2013 Ford Mustang Micro RS4...STD
      • E10 Drift Falken Tire 2013 Ford...STD
      • NITRO STAR F4.6 V2 ENGINE WITH...STD
      • NITRO STAR F3.5 V2 ENGINE WITH...STD
      • E10 Drift VGJR Ford Mustang...STD
      • Baja 5b SS KitSTD
      • Micro RS4 Subaru WRX STI GRCSTD
      • Micro RS4 1969 Ford Mustang RTR-XSTD
      • Savage XL FluxSTD
      • Sprint 2 Flux Ford Mustang GT-RSTD
      • Ken Block 2013 GRC WR8 FluxSTD
      • Micro RS4 Drift Nissan S13 DiscountSTD
      • Sprint 2 Flux BMW M3 GTSSTD
      • KEN BLOCK 2013 GRC WR8 3.0STD
      • E-Firestorm 10T FluxSTD
      • Baja 5b D-Box 2STD
      • Crawler King 1973 Ford BroncoSTD
      • WR8 FLUX KEN BLOCK 2014 FORD FIESTASTD
      • WR8 3.0 KEN BLOCK FORD FIESTA ST...STD
      • MICRO RS4 KEN BLOCK 2014 FORD...STD
      • ALUMINUM WHEEL HEX HUB SET 17MM...STD
      • RS4 Sport 3 BMW M3 E30STD
      • RS4 Sport 3 Flux Falken Porsche...STD
      • RS4 Sport 3 Drift Subaru BRZSTD
      • Jumpshot MTSTD
      • Crawler King Ford F-150 SVT RaptorSTD
      • Baja 5R 1970 Ford Mustang Boss 302STD
      • Savage XS Flux Ford F-150 SVT...STD
      • RS4 Sport 3 2015 Ford Mustang Spec...STD
      • WR8 Flux Ken Block 2015 Ford FiestaSTD
      • Micro RS4 Ken Block 2015 Ford...STD
      • WR8 3.0 Ken Block 2015 Ford Fiesta...STD
      • Baja 5B Sidewinder X5STD
      • Baja 5B TSk-b Class 1STD
      • SAVAGE XS FLUX VGJRSTD
      • RS4 Sport 3 Drift 2015 Ford MustangSTD
      • RS4 SPORT 3 RTR KEN BLOCK 1965 FORDSTD
      • JUMPSHOT SCSTD
      • JUMPSHOT STSTD
      • VENTURE TOYOTA FJ CRUISER GREYSTD
      • VENTURE TOYOTA FJ CRUISER...STD
      • VENTURE Scale Builder KitSTD
      • NITRO STAR F5.9 ENGINE WITH...STD
      • RS4 SPORT 3 Creator EditionSTD
      • VENTURE TOYOTA FJ CRUISER MATTE...STD
      • WR8 FLUX KEN BLOCK GYMKHANA FORD...STD
      • WR8 3.0 KEN BLOCK GYMKHANA FORD...STD
      • JUMPSHOT MT V2.0STD
      • JUMPSHOT SC V2.0STD
      • JUMPSHOT ST V2.0STD
      • E10 TOURING MICHELE ABBATE...STD
      • E10 DRIFT FAIL CREW NISSAN SKYLINE...STD
      • Savage XS Flux Chevrolet El Camino...STD
      • RS4 Sport 3 Drift Dai Yoshihara...STD
      • RS4 Sport 3 Drift Team WorthouseSTD
      • RS4 SPORT 3 FLUX FORD GT HERITAGE...STD
      • Crawler King 1979 Ford F-150STD
      • Micro RS4 Drift Fail Crew Nissan...STD
      • RS4 SPORT 3 1969 FORD MUSTANG...STD
      • RS4 SPORT 3 1987 WARSTEINER BMW...STD
      • SLIDE CARBURETOR COMPLETE (7...STD
      • SLIDE CARB COMPLETE (7...STD
      • NITRO STAR K4.6 HO ENGINE WITH...STD
      • NITRO STAR K5.9 ENGINE WITH...STD
      • SLIDE CARBURETOR COMPLETE W/...STD
      • SLIDE CARBURETOR COMPLETE (TYPE...STD
      • JUMPSHOT MT FluxSTD
      • JUMPSHOT SC FluxSTD
      • Jumpshot ST FluxSTD
      • Savage XL Flux GTXL-1STD
      • JUMPSHOT SC V2 TOYO TIRES EDITIONSTD
      • JUMPSHOT SC FLUX TOYO TIRES...STD
      • RS4 Pro 3STD
      • Pro 4STD
      • Pro 4 (Hara Edition)STD
      • Super Nitro RS4STD
      • RS4 MTSTD
      • RTR E Savage (ATV Body)STD
      • E-Savage Sport RTRSTD
      • NITRO RUSH EVOSTD
      • Nitro RushSTD
      • MICRO RS4 DRIFT WITH MAZDA RX-7...STD
      • Counter Drive Pulley & Belt SetSTD
      • MICRO RS4 SPORT/LAMBORGHINI...STD
      • Sprint 2 RTRSTD
      • Sprint 2 Drift RTRSTD
      • ProceedSTD
      • R40 Hara EditionSTD
      • R40STD
      • SAVAGE 21TRUCK WITH NITRO GT-1...STD
      • RTR Savage 25STD
      • Savage SSSTD
      • RTR Savage 25 Limited Edition (3...STD
      • Savage ATV Kawasaki KFX700STD
      • Savage X 4.6 Reverse RTRSTD
      • SAVAGE SS 4.6 KITSTD
      • WHEELY KING COMPLETE ROCK CRAWLER...STD
      • WHEELY KING ROCK CRAWLER CONVERSIONSTD
      • SAVAGE 3.5 TRUCK WITH NITRO GT-1...STD
      • Super RS4

    • Condition: Nuevo
    • Compatible Brand: For HPI
    • MPN: 1989
    • Brand: HPI

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